[PHARMACOGNOSY] Volatile Oil

e. None

True about volatile oils except:

a. Do not become rancid, but resinified instead

b. Can be isolated by distillation

c. No permanent grease on paper

d. Cannot be saponified with alkali

e. None

f. All

Volatile oils that are heavier than water.

a. Sassafras

b. Clove oil

c. Cinnamon oil

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Terpenes

Basic units of volatile oil.

a. Sterol

b. Fatty acid

c. Terpenes

d. Amino acid

f. None

True about fixed oil except:

a. Cannot be distilled and leave permanent grease on paper

b. Undergo saponification with alkali

c. Becomes rancid upon oxidation

d. Glyceryl ester of fatty acid

e. Has bland odor and is generally lighter than water

f. None

b. Fixed oil

Glyceryl ester of fatty acid.

a. Waxes

b. Fixed oil

c. Volatile oil

d. Tannins

a. Hard soap

Fixed oil saponification with NaOH.

a. Hard soap

b. Soft soap

b. Soft soap

Fixed oil saponification with KOH.

a. Hard soap

b. Soft soap

e. None

Characteristics of volatile oils except:

a. They are odoriferous principles of plants and animals; also known as essential oil, essences, ethereals

b. Immiscible with water

c. They are optically active

d. Easily evaporate

e. None

a. Dextrorotatory

Form of natural camphor.

a. Dextrorotatory

b. Levorotatory

b. Levorotatory

Form of synthetic camphor

a. Dextrorotatory

b. Levorotatory

a. Lamiaceae

Has glandular hairs or trichomes.

a. Lamiaceae

b. Piperaceae

c. Apiaceae

d. Pinaceae

b. Piperaceae

Has modified parenchymal cells.

a. Lamiaceae

b. Piperaceae

c. Apiaceae

d. Pinaceae

c. Apiaceae

Dillweed. Oil tubers or vittae.

a. Lamiaceae

b. Piperaceae

c. Apiaceae

d. Pinaceae

d. Pinaceae

Has lysigenous or schizogenous passages.

a. Lamiaceae

b. Piperaceae

c. Apiaceae

d. Pinaceae

d. Rutaceae

Has lysigenous or schizogenous passages.

a. Lamiaceae

b. Piperaceae

c. Apiaceae

d. Rutaceae

b. Ecuelle method

General method for obtaining citrus oils by rolling the fruit over through line by sharp projections, which are long enough to puncture oil glands in the epidermis.

a. Enfleurage

b. Ecuelle method

c. Distillation

d. Extraction

a. Distillation

Performed using Clevenger apparatus.

a. Distillation

b. Enzymatic actions

c. Expression

d. Extraction

a. Water distillation

For those not injured by boiling, dried form.

a. Water distillation

b. Water and steam distillation

c. Steam distillation

d. Destructive distillation

a. Turpentine oil

Can be extracted by water distillation.

a. Turpentine oil

b. Clove oil

c. Cinnamon oil

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Water and steam distillation

Distillation for those injured by boiling.

a. Water distillation

b. Water and steam distillation

c. Steam distillation

d. Destructive distillation

e. b and c

Clove oil

Cinnamon oil

Extracted through water and steam distillation.

a. Turpentine oil

b. Clove oil

c. Cinnamon oil

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Steam distillation

Extraction for fresh plant drugs.

a. Water distillation

b. Water and steam distillation

c. Steam distillation

d. Destructive distillation

d. a and b

Peppermint oil

Spearmint oil

Extracted with steam distillation.

a. Peppermint

b. Spearmint

c. Empyreumatic oils

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. Destructive distillation

Distillation through heat without the access of air.

a. Water distillation

b. Water and steam distillation

c. Steam distillation

d. Destructive distillation

c. Empyreumatic oils

Extracted through destructive distillation.

a. Peppermint

b. Spearmint

c. Empyreumatic oils

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

Pinaceae

Cupressaceae

Empyreumatic oils are from wood and resins of family:

a. Pinaceae

b. Cupressaceae

c. Rosaceae

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

Oil of cade

Oil of tar

Empyreumatic oil.

a Oil of cade

b. Oil of tar

c. Turpentine oil

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

b. Enzymatic actions

Mustard oil is extrated thrrough

a. Distillation

b. Enzymatic actions

c. Expression

d. Extraction

c. Expression

Ecuelle and piquer and enfleurage are examples of which type of extraction?

a. Distillation

b. Enzymatic actions

c. Expression

d. Extraction

a. Ecuelle and Piquer

Rolling the fruit over a trough lined with sharp projections.

a. Ecuelle and Piquer

b. Enfleurage

a. Ecuelle

Extraction for citrus oils.

a. Ecuelle and Piquer

b. Enfleurage

b. Enfleurage

Expression with the use of cold fat; formerly used in the perfume industry.

a. Ecuelle

b. Enfleurage

b. Enfleurage

Flower petals or small plant part on a fatty pomade is extracted by EtOH. Only works for tiny pieces of crude drug.

a. Ecuelle

b. Enfleurage

d. Extraction

Uses solvent systems based on volatile solvents; uses lower temperature.

a. Distillation

b. Enzymatic actions

c. Expression

d. Extraction

e. Refrigeration

Best extraction method for menthol from Japanese peppermint.

a. Distillation

b. Enzymatic actions

c. Expression

d. Extraction

e. Refrigeration

c. Both

Petroleum ether

Benzene

Common solvent/s for extraction of volatile oils.

a. Petroleum ether

b. Benzene

c. Both

d. None of these

d. a and b

Terpene derivative

Aromatic compound

Classes of volatile oil can be

a. Terpene derivative

b. Aromatic compound

c. Sugar derivative

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Terpene derivatives

Formed via acetate-mevalonic acid pathway.

a. Terpene derivatives

b. Aromatic compounds

b. Aromatic compounds

Formed via shikimic acid-phenylpropanoid route.

a. Terpene derivatives

b. Aromatic compounds

e. None

Counterirritant such as methyl salicylate

Antipruritic such as camphor

Medicinal uses of volatile oils except:

a. Carminative

b. Antiseptic

c. Counterirritant (methyl salicylate)

d. Antipruritic (camphor)

e None

a. Camphor

Antipruritic volatile compound.

a. Camphor

b. Methyl salicylate

b. Methyl salicylate

Counterirritant volatile compound.

a. Camphor

b. Methyl salicylate

a. Isoprene

Building block of terpenes.

a. Isoprene

b. Monoprene

c. Uniprene

d. Alloprene

b. Monoterpene

Class of terpene mostly found in volatile oil.

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

b. 5 carbons

1 isoprene units is equal to how many carbons?

a. 3 carbons

b. 5 carbons

c. 10 carbons

d. 15 carbons

a. Hemiterpene

1 isoprene, 5C

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

b. Monoterpene

2 isoprene, 10C

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

b. Monoterpene

Limonene

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

3 isoprene; 15C

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

Abscisic acid

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

c. Diterpene

4 isoprenes, 20C

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

c. Diterpene

Gibberellin

a. Hemiterpene

b. Monoterpene

c. Diterpene

d. Sesquiterpene

e. Diterpene

c. Sesterterpene

5 isoprenes, 25C.

a. Sesquiterpene

b. Diterpene

c. Sesterterpene

d. Triterpene

e. Tetrapene

d. Triterpene

6 isoprenes, 30C

a. Sesquiterpene

b. Diterpene

c. Sesterterpene

d. Triterpene

e. Tetrapene

d. Triterpene

Brassinosteroids

a. Sesquiterpene

b. Diterpene

c. Sesterterpene

d. Triterpene

e. Tetrapene

e. Tetrapene

8 isoprenes, 40C

a. Sesquiterpene

b. Diterpene

c. Sesterterpene

d. Triterpene

e. Tetrapene

e. Tetrapene

Carotenoid

a. Sesquiterpene

b. Diterpene

c. Sesterterpene

d. Triterpene

e. Tetrapene

a. Geranyl pyrophosphate

C-10 precursor of the terpenes and is believed to play a key role in the formation of monoterpenes.

a. Geranyl pyrophosphate

b. Isopentyl pyrophosphate

c. Dimethylally pyrophosphate

d. b and c

e. All

d. b and c

Isopentyl pyrophosphate

Dimethylally pyrophosphate

Synthetically active isoprene units.

a. Geranyl pyrophosphate

b. Isopentyl pyrophosphate

c. Dimethylally pyrophosphate

d. b and c

e. All

c. Both

Cinnamic acid

p-hydroxycinnamic acid

Primary precursor of volatile oil with aromatic compounds.

a. Cinnamic acid

b. p-hydroxycinnamic acid

c. Both

d. None of these

a. True

Kinds of volatile oil

Hydrocarbons

Alcohols

Aldehydes

Ketones

Phenols

Phenolic esters

Oxides

Esters

a. True

b. False

e. None

True about stearoptene except:

a. Solid portion of HC

b. Oxidized HC

c. Present in smaller quantities

d. Imparts the characteristic odor

e. None

a. Stearoptene

Water soluble portion of volatile oil.

a. Stearoptene

b. Eleoptene

c. Terpinol

d. Limonene

b. Eleoptene

Liquid hydrocarbon portion of volatile oil.

a. Stearoptene

b. Eleoptene

c. Terpinol

d. Limonene

f. None

Stearoptene except:

a. Menthol

b. Anethol

c. Thymol

d. Camphor

e. Methyl salicylate

f. None

e. Methyl salicylate

The only liquid stearoptene:

a. Menthol

b. Anethol

c. Thymol

d. Camphor

e. Methyl salicylate

d. a and b

Encalyptol

Eugenol

Eleoptene

a. Encalyptol

b. Eugenol

c. Thymol

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Terpinol

Product formed by the action of nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in the presence of alcohol.

a. Stearoptene

b. Eleoptene

c. Terpinol

d. Limonene

c. Terpinol

Aka terpin hydrate.

a. Stearoptene

b. Eleoptene

c. Terpinol

d. Limonene

a. Top notes

Most volatile component of perfume thus leave the skin readily.

a. Top notes

b. Middle notes

c. Base notes

b. Middle notes

Intermediate volatility and intermediate tenacity.

a. Top notes

b. Middle notes

c. Base notes

c. Base notes

The lowest volatility

High tenacity

Fixatives

a. Top notes

b. Middle notes

c. Base notes

a. Top notes

Lemon oil

Lavender oil

Anise oil

a. Top notes

b. Middle notes

c. Base notes

b. Middle notes

Thyme oil

Rose oil

Neroli oil

a. Top notes

b. Middle notes

c. Base notes

c. Base notes

Vanilla

a. Top notes

b. Middle notes

c. Base notes

e. All

Fixatives:

a. Musk

b. Civet

c. Ambergris

d. a and b

e. All

a. Musk

Dried secretion from the preputial follicles of the male musk deer of Asia, Moschus spp which contains muskane.

a. Musk

b. Civet

c. Ambergris

b. Civet

From secretion of civet cat, Paradoxurus hermaproditus which contain civeton.

a. Musk

b. Civet

c. Ambergris

c. Ambergris

Most valuable material which contains ambrein.

a. Musk

b. Civet

c. Ambergris

c. Ambergris

Pathologic product formed in stomach of sperm whale when it feeds on squid or cuttlefish.

a. Musk

b. Civet

c. Ambergris

a. I, II, III

HYDROCARBON VOLATILE OILS:

I. Turpentine oil

II. Rectified turpentine oil

III. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

a. I, II, III

b. I, II

c. II, III

d. I, III

a. Turpentine oil

Spirit of turpentine

From Pinus palustris

Disinfectant, deodorant, counterirritant in Vicks Vaporub

a. Turpentine oil

b. Rectified turpentine oil

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

b. Rectified turpentine oil

Distilled from an aqueous solution of NaOH

Expectorant for cough

a. Turpentine oil

b. Rectified turpentine oil

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

c. NaOH

Used for rectifying by distillation of rectified turpentine oil.

a. KOH

b. MgOH

c. NaOH

d. CaOH

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

cis-p-menthane-1,8-diol hydrate

Formed by action of nitric acid on rectified turpentine oil in the presence of alcohol

Used as expectorant

a. Turpentine oil

b. Rectified turpentine oil

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

b. Rectified turpentine oil

Turpentine oil + NaOH.

a. Turpentine oil

b. Rectified turpentine oil

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

Turpentine oil + HNO3.

a. Turpentine oil

b. Rectified turpentine oil

c. Terpin hydrate or Terpinol

a. Saigon cinnamon

Cinnamomum lourerri

a. Saigon cinnamon

b. Cassia cinnamon

c. Ceylon cinnamon

b. Cassia cinnamon

Cinnamomum cassia

a. Saigon cinnamon

b. Cassia cinnamon

c. Ceylon cinnamon

c. Ceylon cinnamon

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Most marketed

a. Saigon cinnamon

b. Cassia cinnamon

c. Ceylon cinnamon

b. Terebinthinate

Disagreeable odor from volatile oil.

a. Resin

b. Terebinthinate

c. Phlobaphene

d. Phloroglucinol

a. True

Cassia, ceylon, and saigon cinnamon are used as carminatives and flavorants.

a. True

b. False

a. I, II, III, IV, V

ALDEHYDE VOLATILE OILS:

I. Lemon peel

II. Lemon balm

III. Orange oil

IV. Citronella oil

V. Hamamelis water

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV

c. II, III, IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

a. Lemon peel

Citrus limon

Contain limonene and citral

a. Lemon peel

b. Lemon balm

c. Orange oil

d. Citronella oil

e. Hamamelis water

b. Lemon balm

Melissa officinalis

Contain citral

a. Lemon peel

b. Lemon balm

c. Orange oil

d. Citronella oil

e. Hamamelis water

c. Orange oil

Citrus aurantium

Contain decanal, limonene

a. Lemon peel

b. Lemon balm

c. Orange oil

d. Citronella oil

e. Hamamelis water

d. Citronella oil

Cymbopogon winterianus, Cymbopogon nardus

Contain citronellal

a. Lemon peel

b. Lemon balm

c. Orange oil

d. Citronella oil

e. Hamamelis water

e. Hamamelis water

Hamamelis virginia

Astringent in the OTC hemorrhoid preparations

a. Lemon peel

b. Lemon balm

c. Orange oil

d. Citronella oil

e. Hamamelis water

a. I, II, III

PHENOL VOLATILE OILS:

I. Eugenol

II. Thymol

III. Carvacrol

a. I, II, III

b. I, II

c. II, III

d. I, III

a. Eugenol

Volatile oil in Eugenia caryophyllus

Used as carminative, toothache drops, dental analgesics

a. Eugenol

b. Thymol

c. Carvacrol