Module 1 Anatomy

What is anatomy?

The study of form

Gross anatomy

Study of structures with the naked eye

Cadaver Dissection

cutting and separating human body tissues to reveal tissue relationships

Medical Imaging

Viewing Inside of the body without surgery

Comparative anatomy

Study of multiple species to learn about form, function, and evolution

Histology

Study of tissues

Cytology

Study of cells

Physiology

Study of the function

What is the smallest structure in the human body?

Atom

Molecule

Components of cell, not living

Organelles

A component within the cell that carries out specific functions, not living

Tissue

Group of similar cells that perform the same function

4 Types of Tissue

C - Connective

M - Muscular

E - Epithelium

N - Neuro

Cell

Smallest living thing

Organ

Structure with two or more tissues working together to perform a function

Organ Systems

At least 2 organs working together to perform a function

Regional Approach

Tour the body and learn multiple systems within a region

Systems Approach

Learn each individual system separately and globally

Organ systems for protection, support, and movement

Integumentary support

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Organ system for Internal Communication and Control

Nervous System

Endocrine System

Fluid Transport

Circulatory System

Lymphatic System

Organ System for Intake and Output

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Digestive System

Organ System for reproduction

Male reproductive system

Female reproductive system

Eponym

Term named after someone, offers no context

Describe Anatomical Position

Erect straight and tall, face forward, arms by side, palms facing forward, feet are flat on the ground

What is this called

Anatomical Position

Sagittal Plane

Splits the body into right and left segments

What plane is this?

midsagittal plane (separates body equal into left and right sides)

What plane is this? (blue line)

Parasagittal

What plane is this?

Coronal or Frontal plane

What is another name for the frontal plane

Coronal plane

What does the coronal plane divide

splits the body into the front and back segments

What plane is this?

Transverse Plane

What does the transverse plane divde

Body into superior and inferior segments

How is this view divided?

Sagittal

How is this view divided?

Frontal

How is this view divided?

Transverse

Supine

Facing up

Prone

Facing down

Right lateral recumbent

Horizontal position with right side down

Left lateral recumbent

Horizontal position with left side down

Name the orientation

Supine

Name the orientation

Prone

Name the orientation

Right lateral recumbent

Name the orientation

Left lateral recumbent

Using directional terminology what is towards the front

Anterior or Ventral

Using directional terminology what is towards the back

posterior of dorsal

When do you use proximal and distal

Only when locating a point along a limb

Proximal

closer to point of attachment

Distal

Further from point of attachment

Where is the foot in relation to the knee

distal

Where is the knee in relation to the foot

Proximal

Medial

Closer to the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Where is the elbow in relation to the hip?

lateral

Where is the hip in relation the elbow?

medial

Deep

more internal

Superficial

Closer to the surface

Ipsilateral

referring to limbs on the same side

What term would be used to refer to both the right leg and right arm?

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

Limbs on opposing sides

What term would be used to refer to the right leg and left arm

contralateral

Bilateral

Referring to both arms or both legs

What term would be used to refer to both legs

Bilateral

Rostral

Towards the forehead or nose

What term would you use to describe towards the nose

Rostral

Caudal

towards the tail

What term would be used to describe down the vertebrae towards the tailbone?

Caudal

Superior

above

Inferior

below

Cephalic

Toward the head or superior end

What term is used to describe towards the head?

Cephalic

Extension

Increasing joint angle

Flexion

Decreasing the joint angle

Hyperextension

Anything beyond anatomical position

Lateral flexion

laterally decreasing the joint angle

What is this an example of?

Lateral flexion

What is this an example of?

Rotation

What is this an example of?

Flexion

What is this an example of?

Extension

What is this an example of?

Hyperextension

In what plane do felxions an extensions always occur?

The sagittal plane

Abduction

Taking something away from the body

Adduction

Bringing it back to the body

What is this an example of?

Abduction

What is this an example of?

Adduction

Where do abduction and adduction always occur?

Coronal or frontal plane