Historical Perspectives and Ideological Origins of Terrorism

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the historical and ideological origins of terrorism, focusing on the French Revolution's political continuum, modern ideological environments, and specific U.S. examples across different agendas.

Patriots (National Constituent Assembly)

The Left ideological orientation from 1789–1791, characterized as republicans.

Moderates (National Constituent Assembly)

The Center ideological orientation from 1789–1791, characterized as constitutional monarchists.

Reactionaries (National Constituent Assembly)

The Right ideological orientation during the National Constituent Assembly period from 1789–1791.

Mountain (Legislative Assembly)

The Left ideological orientation from 1791–1792, characterized as republicans.

Plain (Legislative Assembly)

The Center ideological orientation from 1791–1792, characterized as near-republicans.

Constitutionalists (Legislative Assembly)

The Right ideological orientation from 1791–1792, characterized as constitutional monarchists.

Mountain (National Convention)

The Left ideological orientation in 1792, characterized as radicals.

Marsh (National Convention)

The Center ideological orientation in 1792, characterized as uncommitted bourgeois.

Girondins (National Convention)

The Right ideological orientation in 1792, characterized as bourgeois republicans.

Left Fringe (Modern)

Ideological wing that champions class or nationality through liberation movements to achieve radical change.

Far Left (Modern)

Ideological wing that champions class or nationality through political agitation to achieve radical change.

Liberalism (Modern)

Ideology that champions demographic groups through partisan democratic processes to achieve incremental reform.

Moderate Center (Modern)

Ideology that champions general society through consensus to maintain the status quo or slow change.

Conservatism (Modern)

Ideology that champions general society through partisan democratic processes to preserve traditional values.

Far Right (Modern)

Ideological wing that champions race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion through political agitation to achieve reactionary change.

Fringe Right (Modern)

Ideological wing that champions race, ethnicity, nationality, or religion through an ‘order’ movement to achieve reactionary change.

May 19 Communist Organization (M19CO)

A U.S. organization representing the Left Fringe on the economic or class agenda.

Communist Party, USA

A U.S. organization representing the Far Left on the economic or class agenda.

Posse Comitatus

A U.S. organization representing the Fringe Right on the economic or class agenda.

Fuerzas Armadas de Liberaci3n Nacional (FALN) Puertorreque1a

A U.S.-relevant organization representing the Left Fringe on the activist or group rights agenda.

Black Panther Party for Self Defense

A U.S. organization representing the Far Left on the activist or group rights agenda.

Aryan Republican Army (ARA)

A U.S. organization representing the Fringe Right on the activist or group rights agenda.

Liberation theology

Represented as the Left Fringe on the religious or faith agenda in the U.S. context.

Army of God

A U.S. organization representing the Fringe Right on the religious or faith agenda.

Industrial Age Class Pyramid (Marx)

A hierarchical social structure consisting of the Ruling Class, Bourgeoisie, Proletariat, and Lumpenproletariat.

Anarchism

An ideology championed by Proudhon and Bakunin aiming for a stateless society; applied by Narodnaya Volya.

Radical Socialism

An ideology championed by Marx and Engels aiming for the dictatorship of the proletariat; applied in the Russian Revolution.

Fascism

An ideology championed by Mussolini and Hitler aiming for a new order; applied in WWII-era Italy and Germany.

Just War

A concept championed by Saint Augustine aiming for legitimized conflict; applied to state and dissident violence.

Left-wing extremism

future oriented, seeking to reform or destroy an existing system prior to building a new society and just society

Right-Wing Extremism

a reaction against perceived threats to a group’s value system, its presumption of superiority, or its sense of specialness

Bourgeoisie

(As defined by modern Marxism)

A  co-opted middle class