L2 - Acids, Bases & Buffers

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27 Terms

1

osmolarity and ionic strength: - are necessary when working with cells and macromolecules

salts

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2

cells exert osmotic pressure, preventing -

animal cells, lacking cell walls, need to be maintained in - solutions to avoid osmotic shock

hypotonic shock

isotonic

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3
<p>why is water and counter ions near open circles?</p>

why is water and counter ions near open circles?

open circles = polar or charged aa residues, located near surface of folded proteins

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4
<p>which amino acids are typically protonated at neutral pH?</p>

which amino acids are typically protonated at neutral pH?

basic aa are protonated

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5

which amino acids are de-protonated at neutral pH?

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6

phosphodiester bonds of both DNA and RNA will - in acid

hydrolyze

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7

strong acids at high temperatures are capable of breaking a - into its components

polynucleotide chain

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8

weak acid can cause - of DNA

RNA is - (less/more) susceptible to de-purination

de-purination

less

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9

at alkaline pH, dsDNA is denatured into - but the polynucleotide chains are stable

2 single strands

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10

at alkaline pH, RNA is -

hydrolyzed

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11
<p>what is this?</p><p>what bases are this?</p>

what is this?

what bases are this?

purine

adenine and guanine

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12
<p>what is this?</p><p>what bases are this?</p>

what is this?

what bases are this?

pyrimidine

cytosine and thymine

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13
<p>what is this</p>

what is this

5’ ribonucleotide

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14
<p>what is this</p>

what is this

3’ deoxynucleotide

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15

water can donate or accept H+ ions in solutions, acting as either - or -

acid, base

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16

proton jumping via H bonds is much - (slower/faster) than hydrolysis of H2O into H+ and OH-

which explains - (slow/rapid) rate of acid-base catalyzed reactions in aqueous solutions

faster

rapid

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17

acid is a substance that can - a proton

base is a substance that can - a proton

donate

accept

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18
<p>acid reacts with base to form - and -</p>

acid reacts with base to form - and -

conjugate acid, conjugate base of acid

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19

henderson-hasselbach equation?

knowt flashcard image
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20

at equilibrium, [H+] = -

pH = -

Ka

pKa

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21

minor additions of OH- or H+ to weak acids or bases at equilibrium/close to pKa - (do/don’t) shift pH value

this is why weak acids/bases are used in biological buffers

don’t

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22

buffering acids are typically provided as -, they serve s counter ions for the acid/base but don’t contribute to its buffering properties

- = ionic strength of buffer

salts

salt concentration

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23

polyprotic acids can donate - proton during acid-base reactions

more than one

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24

glycine is a key component of the discontinuous buffer system in SDS-PAGE because of its - properties

zwitterionic

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25

at low pH, both carboxyl and amino groups of glycine are - and glycine is a -

at neutral pH, carboxyl group is -, amino group is - and glycine is both anionic and cationic but net neutral and glycine is a -

at high pH, both carboxyl and amino group - and glycine is -

protonated, cation

de-protonated, protonated, zwitterion

de-protonated, anionic

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26

for SDS-PAGE, the stacking gel has pH 6.8, and the glycine - stack nicely

zwitterions

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27

for SDS-PAGE, the separating gel has pH 8.8, once glycine enters the gel, anionic glycine predominates and migrates - of proteins, allowing proteins to freely separate according to their -

ahead, MW

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