Chicken Farming and Poultry Management

Comprehensive vocabulary terms regarding the breeds, life cycles, feed requirements, and management standards for laying hens and meat chickens (broilers) as described in the lecture notes.

Single-Comb White Leghorn

The most common and representative breed of laying hen in Japan, originally from Italy, known for laying white eggs.

Rhode Island Red

A chicken breed originating from the United States used as laying hens for brown eggs or as a parent breed for high-quality native meat chickens.

Chubina (chusu)

The technical term referring to middle-sized chicks during the growth process.

Obina (daisu)

The technical term referring to large-sized chicks before they reach the adult stage.

21 days

The duration of the incubation period for fertilized eggs to hatch under appropriate temperature and humidity.

Start of egg laying

The developmental stage reached by a female chick approximately $150$ days after birth.

Peak of egg laying

The period, occurring around $210$ days ($6$ to $7$ months) after birth, when a hen produces the highest volume of eggs.

Culled chicken

An adult laying hen shipped for processed meat after approximately two years when its egg production rate has declined.

In-house formula feed

Feed developed specifically for one's own chicken farm without depending on products from a commercial feed manufacturer.

Formula feed composition (Adult chickens)

Typically consists of $602$ cereals (corn/milo), $152$ soybean meal, $102$ fish meal, $52$ corn gluten feed, and $102$ vitamins and minerals.

Domestic Animal Infectious Diseases Control Act

The Japanese law that establishes Feeding and Health Control Standards, including the requirement for sanitation control areas.

Broilers

Young meat chickens improved for rapid growth, typically produced by crossing a white Plymouth Rock female with a white Cornish male.

Integration

A management style where all stages from raising to processing and distribution are linked, often controlled by trading companies or agricultural cooperatives.

Small-size broiler shipping

Meat chickens raised for about $7$ weeks after hatching and shipped at a weight of approximately $2.3\,kg$.

Large-size broiler shipping

Meat chickens raised for about $8$ weeks after hatching and shipped at a weight of approximately $3.0\,kg$.

Native chickens

High-quality meat chickens accounting for $12$ of production, raised for more than $80$ days (often $4$ to $5$ months) to improve texture and taste.

Sanitation control areas

Designated zones required by law to prevent the invasion of pathogens into breeding areas.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza

A critical disease requiring mandatory immediate reporting and the use of bird nets to prevent contact with wild birds.