CHEM GT2

Lewis Symbol

Model that show only the valence electrons

eight

Having how many electrons in a valence shell makes it a particularly energetically stable arrangement of electrons

Ionic Bonding

one or more atoms lose electrons while other atoms gain electrons in order to produce a noble gas electron configuration or full octet.

A positively charged ion or cation

In Ionic bonding, the element that loses the electrons becomes what

Negatively charged ion or anion

In Ionic Bonding, the element that gains electrons becomes what

metals & non metals

Ionic bonds occur beytween what

due to difference in electronegativity and ionization energy

Why do Ionic bonds only happen betweeen metals and nonmetals

Oxidation numbers

This is the resulting charge after an atom has given away/taken in electrons in order to have a full valence shell

Octet Rule

It states that an atom tends to lose, gain, or share electron(s) in order to have a noble gas configuration. Meaning that atoms are unstable if they do not have eight electrons in their outermost energy level (valence electrons)

Noble Gases

Only element that exists as individual atoms in nature, are extremely unreactive, and do not naturally form compounds with other atoms

Stability

This talks about how a full outer energy level is unlikely to change

Gilbert Lewis

Developed a representation of an atom to conveniently show the valence electrons

Lewis Structure

Combination of Lewis symbols that represent either the transfer/sharing of electrons in a chemical bond

Ionic Compound

Electron transfer from cation and anion, opposite ions attract each other. Solid at room temperature with high melting points anf dissolve in water. Conducts electricity only when dissolved in water; electrolytes

Covalent Compounds

Can be solid, liquid, or gas with low melting points and does not dissolve in water or conduct electricity.

Sugar

Name a covalent compound that does not dissolve in water

Lone pairs

what do you call the valence electron that is not shared or transfered?

Chemical bond

This is a strong form of attraction or force that holds atoms together to make their outer electron shell more stable and make them function as a unit.

Ionic, Covalent, Metallic

What are the chemical bonds

To maximize attraction between ions

Why are ions packed together?

Smaller

Cations are always ____ than the parent atom

Larger

Anions are always ____ than the parent atom

Single covalent bond

Type of covalent bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons

double covalent bond

Type of covalent bond where two atoms share four electrons

triple covalent bond

Type of covalent bond where two atoms share six electrons

valence electron - bond - lone pair

what is the formula to calculate the formal charge?

formal charge

This refers to the difference between the number of valence electrons of each atom and the number of bonds and lone pairs

Shared/Bonding pair

Covalent pairs that share electrons are called what?

Metallic Bond

Attraction between positively charged metal ions and a sea of free-moving electrons around them or loosely held valence electrons because these electrons are not tied to one atom. Arranged in a lattice, does not dissolve, and conducts electricity well.

Good conductors of electricity, malleable & ductile, shiny (lustrous)

Abilities of metallic bond

Beryllium has only 4 electrons around it

Why is the Lewis Structure of BeCl2 considered an exception to the octet rule

To indicate charged ions after electron transfer

Why are brackets used in the Lewis structure of ionic compounds

CO

example of a triple bond in its Lewis structure