Human Anatomy, 7e (Marieb/Mitchell/Smith) Chapter 7 Bones, Part 1: The Axial Skeleton

Flashcards covering key terms related to the axial skeleton, skull, vertebrae, and ribs from Human Anatomy, 7e (Marieb/Mitchell/Smith) Chapter 7.

Ethmoid bone projection

A bony projection from the ethmoid bone.

Vomer

The bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum.

Maxilla

A facial bone that has an inferior orbital fissure.

Frontal bone

The bone of the skull that has supraorbital foramen (notch).

Mandible

The facial bone that has mental foramina, ramus, and angle, and functions in chewing with the maxilla.

Mastoid process

A projection of the temporal bone.

Zygomatic bone

The primary bone underlying the cheek.

Coronal suture

The suture that divides the frontal and parietal bones.

Coronoid process

A process of the mandible.

Styloid process

A slender projection from the temporal bone.

Palatine bone

A bone that forms part of the hard palate and contributes to the nasal cavity and cranial floor.

Jugular foramen

A foramen located between the temporal and occipital bones.

Foramen magnum

A foramen of the occipital bone that encircles the superior aspect of the spinal cord.

Mandibular fossa

A depression in the temporal bone.

Occipital condyle

A condyle of the occipital bone.

Temporal bone

A bone with squamous and petrous regions, mastoid and styloid processes, and housing the external and internal acoustic meatuses.

Ethmoid bone

A bone that forms part of the interior of the nasal cavity and the orbit for the eye, also containing the cribriform plate and crista galli.

Sphenoid bone

A bone with pterygoid processes, optic canal, 'wings', a body, and a sella turcica; contributes to the anterior and middle cranial fossae.

Axial skeleton

Includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage; the pelvis is not part of it.

Floating ribs

Ribs that are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly (e.g., rib 11).

Foramen

A large opening through a bone, similar to a meatus.

Hypophyseal region

Not a region of the temporal bone, which includes petrous, squamous, and tympanic regions.

Mandible (sinuses)

A bone that does not contain air sinuses.

Anterior cranial fossa

Formed by the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones.

Orbit

A bony cavity that contains the eye; the temporal bone is not part of it, but the inferior orbital fissure and optic canal are within it.

Occipital bone

A bone with nuchal lines, the hypoglossal canal, and condyles.

Zygomatic process

A process found on the frontal, maxillary, and temporal bones, but not the zygomatic bone itself.

Calvaria

The skullcap, which does not include the mandible.

Kyphosis

An exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine, also known as hunchback, and often seen in osteoporosis ('dowager's hump').

Sella turcica

A bony landmark of the sphenoid bone that holds the pituitary gland.

Condyle

A large projection for bone-to-bone articulation.

Vomer (facial bone)

An unpaired facial bone located superior to the palate.

Nasal cavity

Formed by the ethmoid bone, inferior nasal concha, palatine bone, nasal bones, and maxillae; the temporal bone is not part of it.

Petrous region of temporal bone

The part of the temporal bone that projects medially and contains organs of the inner ear.

Cribriform foramina

Openings found in the ethmoid bone.

Maxillary sinus

The largest paranasal sinus.

Parietal bone

A cranial bone, not a facial bone.

Lordosis

An accentuated lumbar curvature of the spine, also called swayback.

Atlas

The vertebra lacking a body that helps allow one to nod the head and articulates with the dens.

Rib 3

A paired bone of the axial skeleton.

Lumbar curve

A secondary curvature of the vertebral column that appears in a toddler (about 1 year old).

Superior and middle nasal conchae

Projections of the ethmoid bone.

Lambdoid suture

The suture where the parietal and occipital bones meet.

Thoracic vertebrae

Vertebrae that articulate with ribs at the body and transverse processes and have a rather slender spinous process that points inferiorly; their superior articular facets face posteriorly.

Manubrium

The most superior region of the sternum, articulating with rib 1, rib 2, and the clavicle (but not the xiphoid).

Sternal angle

A landmark at the same level as rib number 2.

Sacral promontory

The most anterior ridge of the sacrum.

Annulus fibrosus

The collagen-rich outer layer of the intervertebral disc that limits expansion of the nucleus pulposus when the spine is compressed.

Lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid

Located in the anterior and middle cranial fossae, respectively.

Foramen ovale (skull)

Bounded posteriorly by the foramen spinosum and anteriorly by the foramen rotundum.

Cranial vault

Forms the superior, lateral, and posterior aspects of the skull.

Primary curves

The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the spine.

Secondary curves

The cervical and lumbar curvatures of the spine.

Process (anatomy)

Any prominence on a bone.

Head of a rib

Articulates with the vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae.

Tubercle of a rib

Articulates with the transverse costal facet of the vertebra.

Superior orbital fissure

A part of the sphenoid bone.

Inferior nasal concha

A separate bone, unlike the superior and middle nasal conchae which are part of the ethmoid.

Alveoli

Tooth sockets in the mandible and maxillae.

Facial bones

The bony framework of the face, consisting of 14 bones.

Fatal whiplash

Involves the dens.

Craniotomy

Surgery to remove part of the cranium.

Coccyx

A bony structure that articulates with the inferior apex of the sacrum.

Sternum regions

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process (from superior to inferior).

Costal margin

Formed by the costal cartilages of ribs 7 through 10.

Anterior fontanelle

The largest fontanelle, forming the largest soft spot on a baby's head.

Hyoid

A bone of the axial skeleton that does not articulate with any other bone.

Deviated septum

A nasal septum that is markedly off center.

Cleft palate

The most common congenital abnormality of the skull.

Facet (vertebrae)

A smooth, flat articular surface on vertebrae.

Intramembranous ossification

The embryonic tissue formation method for many skull bones like occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, and parts of the temporal bone (developing from cartilage).

Major sutures of the skull

Coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid.

Sagittal suture

Divides the right and left parietal bones.

Squamous suture

Divides the parietal and temporal bones.

Facial bones (list)

Mandible (UP), maxillae (P), zygomatics (P), nasals (P), lacrimals (P), palatines (P), inferior nasal conchae (P), vomer (UP).

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A ligament on the vertebral bodies that prevents hyperextension of the back.

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A ligament that prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column.

Ligamentum flavum

A ligament that assists in recoil after anterior flexion of the vertebral column.

Nasal cavity structures

Includes cribriform plates, superior and middle conchae of ethmoid; palatine and frontal processes of maxillae; horizontal plates and perpendicular processes of palatine bones; nasal bones; and inferior nasal conchae.

Paranasal sinuses

Air-filled cavities in the ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary bones, lined with mucous membranes, reducing skull weight, and located near the nasal cavity.