french neoclassicism

and intro slides

   

Artist unknown (German), Portrait of Johann Jachim Winckelmann against Classical Landscape, after 1760, Implied diagonal line (leading lines from shoulder down to foot), anyone in players in 18th century had money especially in different colors​

Looks like it could be a coloseum/parthenon, daytime/sunset, looks like its about to rain, went to place to be alone and read, german literary scholar forcued on art, moves to rome to see all art, neoclassism-excavations at end of 18th century, hercalania excavations-eur people are seeing anciet Greek/roman stuff for frist time (Winkelmann found), winklemann things that foreign things is profected by greeks, he doesn’t respect other countries culture, good taste comes form imitating Greek art, Greek male bodies are perfect=should reproduce them in art, compare renaissance art, germans are looking for something to hold onto, catholic church have diminished presence in Germany,

Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear-Bearer) or Canon, Roman marble copy of a Greek bronze, c. 450-440 B.C.E. Canon. Ideal. Idea. Contrapposto

The kind of art he thinks is perfect, roman copy of original Greek bronze sultpture, arm is connecting leg- wouldn’t need that in bronze bc its hallow and doesn’t need support, marble needs support, would have originally held a spear, polykeitos called it canon bc he thought that it was rule and standard of beauty for artists to follow, sculpture is based on ratios and perfectly proportional, contrapposto- S shape form standing on one leg/natural position, nude,

Francesco Piranesi, The Temple of Isis at Pompeii, 1788, etching, hand colored with water color. Herculaneum. Pompeii.

Ethcing to show tourists visiting Pompeii, shows personal artifacts, bring the style home with them, poepel took so much stuff that jteu had to ban exposrts from this site to supply tourists

Joseph Wright of Derby, Vesuvius in Eruption, with a view over the islands in the Bay of Naples, 1776-80. Oil on canvas​

Leading lines from smoke in air keep bringing us back to center, extrame color differences and textural changes, angle allows you to see the difference between water and volcano, on ground pov looking up and ahead, views of mt vesuvious is very popular, joseph wright made 30 paints of Vesuvius, actually went to the place to paint

Pompeo Girolama Batoni, Portrait of Richard Milles, c. 1760, Oil on canvas. Grand Tour.​

Popular in 18th century, type of portait popular at time, grand tour taken by wealthy british men, went to fleoence and Pompeii, “rich guy gap year”, to culture themselves in ressannace and Greek art, Richard milles sits when hes in Italy,

Pompeo Batoni, Lord Thomas Dundas, 1764

They both have scultures, lots of layers show wealth in clothing, fur lines and embroidered, contrapasto-way to show off clothes, center of attention, show of prestigue and power, interacting with the knowledge map/sculpture, left is more inviting, natual elements of sky and fountain,

Joseph Wright of Derby, The Corinthian Maid, 1782-85. Oil on canvas. Contour.

Roman myth of origins of art, art came from-woman in love with man, man about to go off to war, man has his weapons, he has fallan asleep holding them, she knows he will die, she draws the outline of his body of the war, his father is a potter, light from the kiln allows her to draw his shape and what he looked like, Greek subject depited by 18th cen british guy, discover artifacts and interest in them, contour to make beautiful art, patron who paid for it-wedge wood pottery to make this for him, went to wedgwood studio to reference clothes on pottery for painting

Elgin Marbles

Sculptures from Greece in British museum (they believe they are best at taking care of art), repatiriation is when at works are given back after stole from when under imperial power, Greece has been asking London to give them back, Greece built museum across form the montropalus, Greece was controlled by automan turks which gave brits permission to take them,

Fresco with a Cupid Seller, Roman, CE. 1–50, found in the Villa di Arianna at Stabiae. Pigment on plaster, 8 7/8 x 7 5/16 in.

Joseph-Marie Vien, The Seller of Cupids, 1763. Oil on canvas, 37 x 46 7/8” . Neoclassical

Neoclassical painting, directly influenced by anciet frome, fresco painting (paint gets absorbed into the wall) , roman fresco, shows women selling cupids, joseph marie vien has taken the same drapy clothing, mirror image, can draw a V to show action in each painting, in roman one cupid seller is old and haggard, dramatic lighting, brights are BRIGHT, a lot of contrast, table creates a giant triangle, engaged collum-decrative, pot, Joseph marie view won Rome prize from this painting, he was critizied for it looking too light and airy and not serious enough

Boucher, The Gracious Shepherd, 1736-39. Oil on Canvas. Rococo

Vien was compared to rococo style, silly love supject, caged bird, “her love will be caught and caged”, versai is where marie antinet lives-cosplay being a shepardess, ​

Jean-Honore Fragonard, The Swing, 1767​

Lady is cheating on lover, flirting with guy in the bushes, partner is pushing her on swing, fliverous, lots of pastelles, cupid in background

• Its characteristics are curving lines, bright light, sensuality, extremely lush nature ​

• Its light-hearted themes, eg: pursuing romance, music, picnics, etc.​

Claude-Henri Watelet, Caricature of La Font de Saint-Yenne, etching after a drawing by Portien.

He thinks that painters should tone down color, should be museum, criticing work from salon 1776, salon in paris is an exebition of art funded by government

Angelica Kauffman, Self Portrait, 1784, oil on canvas. 64.8 x 50.7 cm

Self portait, women were not allowed to attend any formal art trainting, usually are related to artisits some way in order to learn, allowed to be nude models, nudity issue, nude people made it immapropriate for women to study, born in Switzerland, study classical Greek/roman art there, becomes friends with Winckelmann, an intellectual, moves to engalnd and becomes respected for art, timed down color palate, in Greco romna gowns, she is in triangular composition, light constibutes to shape

Johann Zoffany’s The Royal Academy of Arts, 1771–1772. Engraving.

British academy of arts, nude model, can see busts that they would be drawing from, special lightfixture of drawing, women are on the wall (acknowlded but wouldn’t be proper to have them on the wall) one of them is Angelica Kauffman on wa

Angelica Kauffman, Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Pointing to her Children as her Treasures, 1785. Oil on canvas. 40 x 50”

Wants to do large important history paintings, paint to her children as treasures, grand tour portraits, neoclassical elements in painting– drapery, columns, wearing bold red brother, Cornelia pointing to her sons, Cornelia is showing off necklace, friend is also wearing head jewles and earnings, Cornelia is virtuious and is saying her children are her jewles, to encourage French women to look back and see their duty is to raise the sons of the future of France and not have a lot of bling, push everyone up to front to show a narrative, Cornealia is pointing to sons, daughter is looking at the bling, raising sons is key to womens virtue

Le Vau, Palace of Versailles and gardens, expansion begun in 1661  Mansart, The Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, France. Begun 1678.

Versaille is suburb of paris, wants more control of court, live together in palace, used to be small hunting lodge, length of 12 football fields, has gardens in back, build by louis 15^th?

Antoine-François Callet, Louis XVI, 1778-79. Oil on canvas

Grandson louis 16 th, gets head chopped off, ermine coat, fleur de lys of French monarchy, will be killed later on, inherits a mess, money he spends to support American revolution was controvesial

Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun, Portrait of Marie Antoinette, 1778-1779 Oil on Canvas. 9’ x 6’ 4”

Louis 16 th wife, austrain princess, married him when they were both 15, louis’ father dies and they become king and queen in 1770, she loves spending, all about luxury, :ebrun first to attain rank of painter to king and qeen, Lebrun and Marie become friends because close in age, Lebrun became wealthy and admitted to French Achademy and could exibitat the salon, women were supposed to be moderately good at everything, father was an artist, silk dress=money, hair and face=uptight/full of herself, values money and wealh image, layers and bows and tastles, wig, muted colors, curves to dress, thrown on L and crown on R, bust of husband louis 16 th, recgnixe she is in Versaille, hall way of windows and hallways, windows were expensive at the time, column

Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun, Marie Antoinette and her Children, 1787. Oil on canvas

Propaganda, disliked nad had Lebrun make painting as mother, softer and more approachable image, rumors of expessivespending habits and affair of the diamond necklace, made her unpopular, references to religious painting, put her in triangle, mother holding baby-virgin mary, red of dress used from previous queen that was liked, daughter physically connected with children, oldest king is heir, baby just died (empty basenett) empathy

Élisabeth Louise Vigée-LeBrun, Self Portrait, 1790

how off skills and yourself in painting, Vigee LaBrun has to flee bc of revolution bc she is associated with King and Queen, guilty by association, she is still painting Marie Antionette in her self portrait, she is royalist, fluffy colar used to show her staus bc a person wound’t normally paint with that, she is feminine even tho she is financially successful, inviting and friendly and smile

Jacques-Louis David, Queen Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Scaffold, 1793. Pen on paper, 6 x 4”

Marie Antoinette in prison, she looks common and plain, good posture, facial expression is serious and distinguished, David always wants to be on the winning team

Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1785. Oil on Canvas, 10’10” x 13’11”. Salon

Oath of three brothers and their father, over 10/13 ft, David trained at French Academy, works in neo classical style, see Greek.roman art from winning French prize, so popular that salon had to extend showing to allow more people to see painting, refers to roman story and speak to French people, knew subject from roman story, made up scene, roman’s sandals and arches, point at which painting or organized around is the hands holding sword, neoclassical painting has shallow space like a stage, women are portrayed differently, separated, men have taught muscles, women are curving and angular, dispute between roman cities– 3 v 3, one of the woman is the sister of one of the brothers, womens husband is fighting on the other side, she will either lose a brother or a husband, moment that they swear to conquer or die

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Socrates, 1787. Oil on Canvas, 4’3” x 6’5

Socrates dies because he is so commited to principples that he would rather die than give in, accused of corrupting youth and worshiping false gods, told he has to renounse he belifs or die, hand stands out, he has to drink his own poison, wife has already said good bye (shes on stairs), followers are saying their goodbyes, guard can’t look at him, Socrates had been in prison and now off him bc hes about to die, old man plato (Socrates’ teacher), David in rome to learn, drapery looks like Greek sculpture, scene done horizonallty like Elgin Marbles on Greek and roman temples (frieze-only comes out dimesionally a little bit),

Jacques-Louis David, Preliminary drawing for The Oath of the Tennis Court, 1791. Pen, brown ink and brown wash, heightened with white, on paper, 26 x 42”

To write new constitution in indoor tennis court, never finished painting, everyone is uniting to over throw the king, monk supports, monk preist and protestant minister in front together to unite, people over flowing in window, people began fighting, decisions to start a revolution for freedom,

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Marat, 1793. Oil on canvas

Girodins:belived they shouldn’t over throw king, David’s friend Marat put out newspaper, belive they have to use violence in revolution, Marat was murdered, was working on publication, he had skin issues and look medicinal bath,sCharollet Corde stabbed him in bath, got caught and got head cut off, Marat became martry for revolution, fresh blood on sheets, agony in position no one has found him, still holding quil and paper, knife can be seen in bottom L, “to Marat from David” on wooden block, white head covering – fight for justice is timeless, David usually does moment before something happends, David here does the moment after something happens

Jacques-Germain Soufflot, Pantheon (formerly church of Sainte-Genevieve), 1757-90. Paris.

Pantheon in paris – Greek/roman temple, commissioned by louis 15 th to be church, declare that church will become secular temple of men, dedication to st geneive, “to the great men to the great father land”, st peters basicica modeled after, relolutionaries, catholic church gets no state sponsorship, dotre dame burned bc in such bad shape where it burn so easily

Jacques-Louis David, The Sabine Women, 1799. Oil on canvas. 12’8” x 17’2”

David thinks king should get head cut off, gets in jail for a year, he is now supporting Napoleon – wants to protect French people, David wanted people to come tostudio and charge just to see the painting, story about groups fighting, women have connection to brother and husband that stop the fighting, based on story of the beginning of rome, women afteabduction and rape of women not have babies, stop fighting in French revolution

Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon Crossing the Alps at the Saint-Bernard Pass, 1800-1801. Oil on canvas. 8’11” x 7’11”

David paints napoleon’s greatest moment as general, crossing the alps called st brenard pass, difficult and dangerous, Hannical and Bonaparte in history of great generals written at bottom, horses used as power, napoleon actually rode mule, came after fighting, horse looks terrified, men are bigger than they normally would look on a horse to make man look strong and powerful, angle shows treaturous weather,

Antoine-Jean Gros. Bonaparte Visits the Plague House at Jaffa, Salon of 1804, oil on canvas, 17’5” x 23’6”

Gros is known for doing napoleon’s milirary campaign paintings, napoleon needs to make himself look good, bubonic plauge is during his campaign, everyone is sick, poisoned prisoners bc there isn’t enough food for everyone, show humanitarian side, he is touching the wound of someone, biblical reference when christ heals the sick, napoleon is center, French flag in background, napoleon is “sacrificing his own health to be there”, dying bodies all around, he is moeledafter sculpture of Apollo Belvedere idealized male youth reaching out, both sculpture and napoleon in contrapasto,

Apollo Belvedere, (Roman copy of a Greek(?) original), original late 4th century B.C.E. marble, 2.3 m high . Vatican Museum

Gros uses warmer color-more highlights and shade, David uses more visual clearity-light is even and realistic, a lot of action going on, focus brought to front of the painting, in Gros the darkness is taking over painting, Gros prefers the rounded ness, classicism and romanticism,

Jacques-Louis David. The Coronation of Napoleon in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, 1805-07. Oil on canvas. 20’8” x 32’ 1”

Wife Josephine is getting coronated, napoleon is wearing Greek crown, napoleon proclaims himself emperor, napoleon gets David to paint this, it is not en exact recreation, idealized recreation, napoleon wants Pope Lius the 7^th to come, he wants the pope there to show legitimacy and connection to power, he wants someone around him to show that napoleon has power, napoleon pays pope to come and show “support”, napoleon crowns himself emperor after declaring himself as emperor, he does this in Norte Dame in paris to root his authority in something, napoleon is about to crown Josephine at bottom of steps, napoleon’s siters are holding the train of her cape, ermine fur (black dots indicate one animal used) on her train, napoleon added his mom into the painting even tho she didn’t actually go, pope does make this gesture of hand (he didn’t actually do this), napoleon made his wife look younger than she was, space is edited to make space look grader/larger, David used max figurines to do the layout of all the people, napoleon loved it “what truthfulness, one walks in the picture”, so realistic you can almost be in it

Peter Paul Reubens, Coronation of Marie de’ Medici, 1622-25

Marie de medici her getting coronated, kneeling, presence of catholic bishops, red, and big crowdes, angels with wings are celebrating this coronation,

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Portrait of Napoleon on his Throne, Salon of 1806. Oil on canvas. 8’9” x 5’3”

Napolon on his thrown, Ingres was student of David, known for line work, capturing different surfaces, he likes to flaunt his power, gold and fur on everything, his faces has made him look younger than he actually is, he looks like a king, thrown coated in gold, armrest and orbs of ivory, colar and robe, wreath crown, velvet robe, shoes and sleves are covered in gold, authoritarian looking, circular designs on rug –justice, madana and child, crest in top right of Italy and papal state conqured in 1805

Jan van Eyck, Ghent Altarpiece, 1432

Altarpeice could open and close, central panal, enthroned christ in middle, arch above heads, covered in gold, stairway underneath to show higher power, sign for peace in both, robes, staff, Jan van Eyck knows for lines and craftsmanship, napoleon didn’t like the way he looked, with such over obulence

Pierre-Paul Prud’hon, Portrait of Empress Josephine, 1805-09. Oil on canvas. 8’ x 5’ 10”

Prud’hon paints Josephine, she married napolone, prud’hon taught josephiine how to dress, she is outside in woods alone, melancholy, dark everywhere else, people should go out for walks and to revive your character and your country/civic virture, was supposed to show at 1810 salon, napoleon devored her because she couldn’t produce another heir

Antonio Canova, Pauline Borghese as Venus, 1808. Marble. L: 79”

Napoleon’s siter, she wasnted to be depicted this way, only shown in her own house, very scadelous, Canova sculptor of neoclassical movement, she is holding an apple-venus as victorious goddess in beauty competition, self confidence, was going to do the goddess of hunt considered chase, she wanted controversy, she posed nude considered unheard of

Gondouin and Lepere, Vendome Column, 1806-11, Paris. Bronze plaques on masonry core, 130’ high

Napoleon wanted to connect to ancient rome, Vendome column meant to copy trajan’s column, meant for everyone to see, commemorate military victory, narrative of military victory going up and around the column, ruler placed at top, public way to show strength, napoleon was outnumbered in war and won, put up on his birthday, napoleon didn’t attend bc after he had just beaten Austrian and wed his daughter, Vendome column plaza of Louis 16^th –napoleon wanted to connect with revolutionary

Bruno Braquehais, The Fall of the Vendome Column, 1871

Braquehais is first photo journalist

Chalgrin, Arc de Triomphe, 1806-36, Paris. Limestone. 164’ high.

Modeled aftered roman’s after they had won some military victory, “triomphe’-triumph of victory, napoleon is exiled in 181

•Napoleon

•Exiled in 1814 to the island of Elba

•100 days (1815)

•Exiled again

•Restoration Period (1814-1830)

•Constitutional monarchs

•Both their reigns together called Restoration period

•Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

•Younger brother of Louis XVI

•Calling himself King of France since 1795 while in exile around Europe

•Returns in 1814 to fill spot left by Napoleon – 1824

•Charles X (r. 1824-1830)

•Brother of Louis XVI and XVII

•Government becomes increasingly conservative and reactionary

•Liberal opposition grows

•Charles dissolves Chamber of Deputies

Paris rose against him, forcing abdication

Napolon tries to come back, gets exiled a second time, reinstale Bourbon family and they are bound to constitution, they cannot do whatever they want, reigh together-restoration of bourbon mararchy, Charles X government becomes conservative and doesn’t follow constitution, end of resoration

•Art agenda for Restoration government

and

Ordinance issued by Louis XVIII in 1816 restores Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture (abolished 1793

•Monuments of the monarchy

•Former royal buildings and statues

•Erase memory of Napoleon

and

•Academie des Beaux-Arts  and Ecole des Beaux-Arts

•Academy members selected faculty, entrance exam, students contests, Rome prize, etc.

•Salons held every 2 years housed in the Louvre

•Dominated by followers of David

•Few new young artists- Gericault and Delacroix are exceptions

1816-1848: general dissatisfaction among young artists

Roayly sponsiored art achademy- dacedemie des beauz arts, achedemy supports aritis as profession,new things- romantic style of art

Théodore Géricault The Charging Light Cavalryman (chasseur), 1812. Oil on canvas,

  11'5 1⁄2" × 8'8 3⁄4”. Madame de Stael’s Germany and Romanticism. Stendhal

Intense movement, smoke and explosions, horse in stride, madame de stael-artisits should look more to the past, art needs to have soul, stendahal-something else needs to happen in art, art should look to present, gericault-dies very young, romantic artisits embrace dramatic diagonals, brush work is loose, David-tight/clear brush work

Théodore Géricault The Raft of the Medusa, 1819.
Oil on canvas, 16'1" × 23'6"

Man spotted tiny boat, waving to be rescued, gericault had to rent a studio to compelte painting, 1816 ship medusa was transporting colonist to Africa to continue slave trade, otw ship runs aground in W coast of Africa, not enough life boats, ship’s carpender made life boat for 160 people, people o flife boats lie the raft to them, raft slows them down so they cut the raft, 15 of 150 survive, recused by argus boat, brought back to France, 5 more died otw home, surviors wrote accounts of what happened on raft, cannibalism death, captain of ship was appointed bc of who he knew, he was not qualified enough, corruption in French government, triangle composition, those who have hope on right side, those who have lost hope/dying on left side, father mouring son, gericault went to morge and drew the limbs and dead bodies, men are dressed very plainly poor, missory, waves are getting larger in background, storm coming in horizon, there is no moral, wasted lives horrific things that huamns can do to eachother to suvive

Apollonios, Son of Nestor, Athenian,  Belvedere Torso, Rome, 100 BCE, 5.2 feet tall

Scuptor belvedere torso was used as model for painting, makes man iconic, used a darker skinned African model (joseph), give figure sense of importance

Eugène Delacroix The Massacre at Scio, 1824.
Oil on canvas, 13'8 1⁄4" × 11'7 3⁄8"

Delacroix was model for raft, history paintings, war of greeks vs automan turks, greeks are trying to gain independence, turks raid island and buring village, 30,000 people died, deported/enslaved, see simplathy for greeks in painting, Turkish man pushing/stampeding over women, dead mother with alive baby, old women, thin hungry starving, suffering violence, painting lacks unnty, uses color very interestingly, bright blue is cheerful, people have given up, lack of a focal point, eyey deosn’t go to anyone specific, all doing own thing, row of people, no strong serious unity, chaos is not stable and understandable,

Eugène Delacroix The Death of Sardanapalus, 1827.
Oil on canvas, 12'111⁄2" × 16’3”. Orientalism. Foreshortening 

Not based on current event, based on popular play, Lord Byron handsome popular wrote play based on arsyrian king, king in all white, sardenapalus found out his enemy is coming to take over his palce, he knows he will loose, doesn’t want enemy to take his horses and women and gold, orders them to kill and get rid of everything special he owns, orientalism-describe what is going on, W view of E, steriotypes of French artists-naken women, embelishment on horse, turban on head, Delacroix went to north Africa but depended on accounts of culture, 1827 salon, critizied for impagination going too crazy, free loose brush work, foreshortening-bed looks shorted and distorted to look closer toward us, no hero, disorganized, everything In movement, shadows have greens and blues

Ingres, Grande Odalisque, 1814. Oil on canvas

Orientalism: how the east thinks about the west (steriotypes), east interested in depicting women, women not out in public a lot, there was a sense of myserty around them, the women they depic are very white, turban on her head, fly swatter shows the severe heat in here residence, turcoise color, odalisque: reclining female nude, this is an imaginary scenario, her back is too long-to make her look more elegant, no narrative context, scandalous, orientalism in neoclassic style, everything has rounded edges, pushed up like a stage

Eugène Delacroix The 28th of July: Liberty Leading the People, 1831.  Oil on canvas, 8'6 3⁄8" × 10’8”.

Commemorate three day battle to over throw government, based on real event, not realistic, “Three Glorious Days”, future looking up to new republic, men looking up to women, large history painting, woman is a phantom, her clothes are coming off and she is leading the battle (doesn’t add up), she looks like a Greek sculpture, allegory-device/image meant to represent a political or moral idea, her head is shown in profile like Greek coin, cap she wears is a symbol of freedom, shows status of free people,

July monarchy

•Charles X was replaced by Louis-Philippe (Orleans family)

•Roi Citoyen – Citizen King

•Reigned for 18 years, called the July Monarchy (1830-1848)

•This reign saw:

•Rise and expansion of middle class

•Beginning of socialism

•Called ‘king of the French’

•Juste milieu (happy mean) – compromise policy

•Downfall:

• failure to attend to needs of lower classes

•This group, along with middle-class intellectuals, would bring about the Revolution of 1848

Goya, The Wounded Mason, 1786-87

Goya is not a romantic \, cartoon is a prepatory drawing/painting, prepatory for tapestry, commissioned by Spanish kings son for his dining room, stone mason that has been hurt

Goya, The Drunken Mason, 1786-87

Drunken mason have smiling expression, durnken has cooler tones, wounded is warmer, king put out degree to make scaffolding safer, king thinking about regular people nad their safety, one of comedy one is drama, companies would have to compensate workers and families if fell

Francisco Goya, Count de Floridablanca, 1783.
Oil on canvas, 81 1⁄2 × 42"

Goya gets formal art training in madrid, works for royal tapestry factory for royal family, considered high status, goya gets married, new sister in law’s husband is a royal court painter, guy helps goya get the job, elected to Spanish royal achademy, commission by count to get portait of himself,  man is red is center of attention, goyaholding another painting, showing it to the count, counts assistance is there, past portrait of king of spain on the wall, goya paints himself in someone else’s portait, wants himself to stand out, everyone is pointing towards count, artisit references what has happened and what will happen

Goya, Portrait of Carlos IV, 1789,

King carlos the 4th, goya was son of artist who did guliding (gold cover) on artisit’spieces, fine detail of shash, jewerly and painting of metal who knows the way it should be handeled,

Francisco Goya Charles IV and His Family, 1801.
Oil on canvas, 9'2 1⁄4 × 11' 1⁄4. Enlightenment

King Charles the 4th with his family, unidealized portait of the royal family, politically risky, some people are hidden, men standing in front of everyone, family is separated by son, goya has put himself in back left corner, looks like the moment before a family photo, goya and royal family looking a mirror, goya is making the painting by looking at the mirror, everyone got an outline and then stood separately for the painting, mirror is infornt of everyone and goya is paiting what he sees in mirror, doesn’t idealize them, kings cheeks are redish, faces are realistic, can see folds on her neck and wrinckles, royal families belived they were ordained by god to rule, enlightenment-evolution, rationalism encourages goya to make the family look less god like, politically risky bc monarchs saw what happned in France, century of revolutions,

Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas, 1656. Oil on canvas.

Paints himself, movement in people, the girl in center is idealized, painting/mirror in background, of king and queen on wall, or is he actually painting the king and queen, playing to the idea of future viewers experiences

Titian, Venus of Urbino, 1538. Oil on Canvas. Venus pudica

Renasance reclining women, hand over genitals ”false modesty”-bringing attention to it anyway, venus pudipe, elbow in the pillow-symbol of sexual penetration, Spanish inquision-concered for morality, considered imapropreate for society

Giorgione, Sleeping Venus, 1510. Oil on canvas. Odalisque