AP Psychology - Cognition

form of sensory memory using sight

Iconic memory

form of sensory memory using hearing

Echoic

Unconscious long-term memory (tying shoes, spelling name)

Implicit

Conscious long-term memory (Calculus)

Explicit

remembering items at the beginning of a list

Primacy effect

Remembering items at the end of a list

Recency effect

old memories interfering with new learning

Proactive Interference

New memories interfering with old learning

Retroactive Interference

Accessing information without cues

Recall

Identifying information from cues

Recognition

loss of old memories before trauma

Retrograde amnesia

Inability to form new memories after trauma

Anterograde Amnesia

encoding information without conscious effort

Automatic Processing

• encoding information based on surface features, leading to weaker memory

Shallow Processing

• sense memory of touch

Haptic Memory

•  active part of short-term memory, used to hold information temporarily

Working Memory

• Unconscious long-term memory for skills and procedures

Implicit Memory

• The strengthening of neural connections through repeated activation

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

 Memory fades over time when not accessed or rehearsed

Trace Decay Theory

• forgetting occurs when new or old information disrupts the recall of other information

Interference Theory

• remembering information but forgetting where or how you learned it

Source Amnesia

• a memory air (mnemonic) where you link items to locations along a familiar path or place

Method of Loci