Psychopathology in Historical Context

Who works in psychopathology?

Clinical psychologists, counselling psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric social workers, and psychiatric nurses.

What do clinical psychologists do?

They assess, diagnose, and provide therapy but cannot prescribe medication.

What is the role of a psychiatrist?

They have a biological view of mental disorders and can prescribe medication.

What does a psychiatric social worker do?

They collect information on social and family backgrounds.

What is a scientist practitioner?

A professional who consumes science, evaluates practice, and conducts research.

What is the presenting problem in psychopathology?

The reason why a patient is coming to the clinic.

Define clinical description.

It distinguishes what makes a disorder different from ordinary behaviors or feelings.

What is meant by 'course' in psychopathology?

Refers to the pattern of a disorder, specifically chronic vs episodic.

What is onset?

The age at which a disorder begins, categorized as acute or insidious.

What is prognosis in clinical psychology?

The probable outcome of a disorder.

Define prevalence in the context of psychopathology.

The total number of cases of a disorder in a population.

What is the incidence of a disorder?

The number of new cases during a specific time period.

What is the significance of sex ratio in psychopathology?

It indicates the proportion of males and females who have a particular disorder.

What does etiology study?

The origins or causes of mental disorders.

Describe the supernatural tradition in psychopathology.

Belief that unusual behaviors were caused by the work of the devil or witches.

What was Hippocrates’ contribution to the biological tradition?

He proposed that psychological disorders could be treated like other diseases.

What did Galen suggest in the biological tradition?

He identified four bodily fluids associated with various mental states.

What was the moral therapy proposed by Philippe Pinel?

A more humane approach to treating individuals with psychological disorders.

What was the mental hygiene movement led by Dorothea Dix?

An initiative aimed at promoting the humane treatment of the mentally ill.

What is the focus of psychoanalytic theory?

The structure of the mind, including id, ego, and superego.

What are defense mechanisms in psychoanalytic theory?

Unconscious mechanisms, such as denial, projection, and repression.

What does Carl Rogers' client-centered therapy emphasize?

The therapist adopts a passive role to facilitate client growth.

What is classical conditioning as per Pavlov?

A learning process through which associations are made between a neutral stimulus and a conditioned response.

What did B. F. Skinner study in behavioral psychology?

Operant conditioning, focusing on reinforcement and shaping behavior.

What advancements characterize the 21st century in psychology?

Cognitive science, neuroscience, and behavioral and molecular genetics.