antibodies

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4 Terms

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structure

  • globular glycoproteins with quaternary structure

  • made of 2 heavy + 2 light polypeptide chains joined by disulfide bridges

  • constant region: same for all antibodies in 1 class, determines destruction method

  • variable region: different per antibody, forms antigen binding site
    -specific to epitope on antigens
    -specificity due to different amino acid sequences

  • hinge region: in heavy polypeptide chain, gives flexibility to bind to antigens at diff. angles

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antigen=antibody complexes

  • antibody collides with cell with complementary foreign non-self antigens → binds to form antigen-antibody complex

  • Y-shaped antibodies have 2 antigen binding sites → can bind to over 1 cell at same time
    -groups of pathogens can clump together in agglutination

  • binding of antibodies to antigen neutralises pathogen/ acts as marker to attract phagocytes for phagocytosis

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