xii. renaissance period (13th-16th c)

rebirth

renaissance means _________ of the ART OF CLASSIC ANTIQUITY that occured in italy in the 14th c in the renaissance period; man was freed from the religious restraints of the medieval times; printing press started

humanism

ideology that believes that humans, purportedly created in the judeo-christian god, had been given the ability for rational thought to some meaningful end. MAN AS MEASURE OF ALL THINGS

secularism

WEAKENING OF THE SPIRITUAL AND POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF THE CHURCH; material prosperity; abuses and problems with doctrines

guilds

standardized designs. a community of artists that sponsored competitions

medici family

known as the PRE-EMINENT FAMILY OF FLORENCE, who amassed great wealth in banking, spent great money on architects and artists

patronage system

a system of commisions and benefactors

early renaissance

a style of Italian art and architecture developed during the 15th c, characterized by the DEVELOPMENT OF LINEAR PERSPECTIVE, CHIAROSCURO, and in building, by the free and INVENTIVE USE OF CLASSICAL DETAILS

chiaroscuro

light-dark. use of light and dark to achieve a heightened illusion of depth

foreshortening

method of rendering a specific object or figure in depth. the artist records the distortion that is seen by the eye when an object or figure is viewed at a distance or at an unusual angle

giotto di bondrone

founder of renaissance painting by breaking away from the Byzantine tradition of painting to naturalism, humanism and composition. discovered by cimabue and known as THE FIRST NATURALISTIC PAINTER OF ITALY

giotto

his known works are: the death of saint Francis, the adoration of the magi, the matrimony of joachim and anna

tomas guidi

disciple of giotto; FIRST GREAT PAINTER OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE. his frescoes are the earliest monuments of humanism, and INTRODUCED A PLASTICITY previously unseen in figure painting; aka MASACCIO

massacio

italian renaissance painter. among his works are: expulsion from the garden of eden, tribute money

fra angelico

real name GUIDO DI PIETRO DA MUGELLO. a DOMINICAN MONK. all of his art was religious. use of luminous, gem-like colors, diffused light slender forms. famous for his work 'THE ANNUNCIATION'

fra filippo lippi

complete antithesis of fra angelico; more concerned with PHYSICAL BEAUTY than the insight or spiritual depth; famous for his work of MADONNA AND CHILD (dressed in renaissance clothing)

alessandro boticelli

aka sandro. instrumental with the opening of the STORIES AND CHARACTERS OF CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY. classed with the sentimental, devotional group and also learned from scientists, his works drew from mythological inspirations.

sandro

famous for his works: spring, the birth of venus, primavera

jan van eyck

most PROMINENT PAINTER OF THE EARLY RENAISSANCE STYLE. with brother hubert, he preffered the process of painting with OIL AND VARNISH. famous for his TRYPTICH GHENT ALTAR PIECE, grisaille, worship of the lamb, the marriage, arnolfini wedding

donatello

sculptor know for sacred themes. his works include st. mark, gattamelata, bronze david, statues of old testament prophets for the walls of the florence cathedral

lorenzo ghiberti

sculptor of the north doors of the baptisery of san giovanni, florence; east doors of the baptisery

early renaissance architecture

group of architectural styles that originated in italy in the 15th & 16th c, characterized by an EMPHASIS IN SYMMETRY, exact mathematical relationships between parts and an overall effect of simplicity and prose

ashlar

masonry in rusticated finish in horizontal courses.

the duomo

dome of the cathedral of Florence. designed by filippo brunelleschi. the distinctive octagonal design of the double-walled dome, resting on a drum and not on the roof itself, allowed for the entire dome to be built without the need for scaffolding from the ground

ospedale degli innocenti

children's foundling hospital by brunelleschi built by giovanni medici for the poor. basic element of the design is a series of round arches supported by slender columns and framed by pilasters that carried flat horizontal entablature. it also featured tabernacle windows

tabernacle window

rectangular windows surmounted by a pediment

palazzo medici-ricardi

by michelezzo and brunelleschi. mixed use building under the instructions of cosimo de medici and bought by the ricardi family at the end of the 17th c. open colonnaded court show influences of brunelleschi's foundling hospital

string cornices

the building of palazzo medici-ricardi is divided into storeys of decreasing heights by long unbroken bands called?

dressed stone

used in making the upper storey of the palazzo medici-ricardi building appear lighter as the eyes move.

palazzo rucellai

leon batista alberti applied the classical orders of columns to the facade on the three levels

palazzo pitti

built bu lucca pitti. it is the largest palace in italy aside from the vatican