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affair

noun [ C ]

UK /əˈfeər/ US /əˈfer/

affair noun [C] (MATTER)

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B2

a situation or subject that is being dealt with or considered:/ vấn đề

foreign affairs As a leader, he's been criticized for his inexperience in foreign affairs.

interfere in someone's affairs He's always interfering in (= trying to influence) other people's affairs.

financial affairs She organizes her financial affairs very efficiently.

What I do in my spare time is my affair (= only involves me).

affair

noun [ C ]

UK /əˈfeər/ US /əˈfer/

affair noun [C] (MATTER)

caregiver noun

/ˈkeəɡɪvə(r)/

/ˈkerɡɪvər/

(North American English)

(British English carer)

​a person, either a member of the family or somebody who is paid, who takes care of a child, a sick person or an old person at home/ người chăm sóc

caregiver noun

/ˈkeəɡɪvə(r)/

/ˈkerɡɪvər/

scrutiny

noun [ U ]

UK /ˈskruː.tɪ.ni/ US /ˈskruː.t̬ən.i/

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C2

the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it:/ sự xem xét kĩ lưỡng

The government's record will be subjected to/come under (close) scrutiny in the weeks before the election.

scrutiny

noun [ U ]

UK /ˈskruː.tɪ.ni/ US /ˈskruː.t̬ən.i/

restlessness noun

/ˈrestləsnəs/

/ˈrestləsnəs/

[uncountable]

​the state of being unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a change/ sự bồn chồn

the restlessness of youth

restlessness noun

/ˈrestləsnəs/

/ˈrestləsnəs/

[uncountable]

​the state of being unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a change

coin

verb

UK /kɔɪn/ US /kɔɪn/

coin verb (INVENT)

/ phát minh

C2 [ T ]

to invent a new word or expression, or to use one in a particular way for the first time:

coin a term Allen Ginsberg coined the term "flower power".

coin a phrase Few people have any idea who coined the famous phrase.

coin

verb

UK /kɔɪn/ US /kɔɪn/

paediatrician noun

/ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃn/

/ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃn/

(British English)

(North American English pediatrician)

​a doctor who studies and treats the diseases of children/ BS nhi khoa

paediatrician noun

/ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃn/

/ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃn/

(British English)

maternal adjective

/məˈtɜːnl/

/məˈtɜːrnl/

​having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child

maternal love/ BÀ MẸ

I'm not very maternal.

She didn't have any maternal instincts.

maternal adjective

/məˈtɜːnl/

/məˈtɜːrnl/

deprivation

noun [ C or U ]

UK /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌdep.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

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C2

a situation in which you do not have things or conditions that are usually considered necessary for a pleasant life:/ SỰ THIẾU THỐN

They used sleep deprivation as a form of torture.

There is awful deprivation in the shanty towns.

There were food shortages and other deprivations during the Civil War.

deprivation

noun [ C or U ]

UK /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌdep.rəˈveɪ.ʃən/

infancy

noun [ U ]

UK /ˈɪn.fən.si/ US /ˈɪn.fən.si/

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C2

the time when someone is a baby or a very young child:/ THỜI THƠ ẤU

in infancy Her youngest child died in infancy.

infancy

noun [ U ]

UK /ˈɪn.fən.si/ US /ˈɪn.fən.si/

cuddle

verb [ I or T ]

UK /ˈkʌd.əl/ US /ˈkʌd.əl/

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to put your arms around someone and hold them in a loving way, or (of two people) to hold each other close to show love or for comfort:/ ÔM ẤP

She cuddled the baby and eventually it stopped crying.

They sat in the back row of the cinema kissing and cuddling.

cuddle

verb [ I or T ]

UK /ˈkʌd.əl/ US /ˈkʌd.əl/

superfluous

adjective

UK /suːˈpɜː.flu.əs/ US /suːˈpɝː.flu.əs/

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C2

more than is needed or wanted:/ THỪA THÃI

The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail.

superfluous

adjective

UK /suːˈpɜː.flu.əs/ US /suːˈpɝː.flu.əs/

affirm something to publicly defend something or state that you support it strongly/ BẢO VỆ

We affirm the principle that leaders must be chosen by the people and be accountable to the people.

affirm verb

/əˈfɜːm/

/əˈfɜːrm/

nocturnal adjective

/nɒkˈtɜːnl/

/nɑːkˈtɜːrnl/

​(of animals) active at night/ VỀ ĐÊM

owls and other nocturnal creatures

These animals are strictly nocturnal.

These insects are largely nocturnal.

nocturnal adjective

/nɒkˈtɜːnl/

/nɑːkˈtɜːrnl/

somnolence noun

/ˈsɒmnələns/

/ˈsɑːmnələns/

[uncountable] (formal)

​the state of being almost asleep/ SỰ BUỒN NGỦ

The patients did not report daytime somnolence.

somnolence noun

/ˈsɒmnələns/

/ˈsɑːmnələns/

postulate noun

/ˈpɒstʃələt/

/ˈpɑːstʃələt/

(formal)

​a statement that is accepted as true, that forms the basis of a theory, etc./ ĐỊNH ĐỀ

Work done in the laboratory showed that his postulates were probably correct.

postulate noun

/ˈpɒstʃələt/

/ˈpɑːstʃələt/

extrapolate verb

/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/

/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/

[intransitive, transitive] (formal)

Verb Forms

​to estimate something or form an opinion about something, using the facts that you have now and that are relevant to one situation and supposing that they will be relevant to the new one/ NGOẠI SUY

extrapolate (from/to something) The figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends.

Try not to extrapolate too much from your own experience.

extrapolate something (from/to something) We have extrapolated these results from research done in other countries.

extrapolate verb

/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/

/ɪkˈstræpəleɪt/

the sack [singular] (especially North American English, informal) a bed

He caught them in the sack together./ GIƯỜNG NGỦ

the sack

dawn noun

/dɔːn/

/dɔːn/

Idioms

​ [uncountable, countable] the time of day when light first appears

SYNONYM daybreak/ BÌNH MINH

at dawn They start work at dawn.

It's almost dawn.

We arrived in Sydney as dawn broke (= as the first light could be seen).

I woke up just before dawn.

dawn noun

/dɔːn/

/dɔːn/

Idioms

slumber noun

/ˈslʌmbə(r)/

/ˈslʌmbər/

[uncountable, countable, usually plural] (literary)/ GIẤC NGỦ

​sleep; a time when somebody is sleeping

She fell into a deep and peaceful slumber.

The phone suddenly roused her from slumber.

I don't want to wake him from his slumbers.

We could hear the breathing of someone in a deep slumber.

slumber noun

/ˈslʌmbə(r)/

/ˈslʌmbər/

[uncountable, countable, usually plural] (literary)

modulate something (specialist) to affect something so that it becomes more regular, slower, etc./ ĐIỀU CHỈNH

drugs that effectively modulate the disease process

modulate something (specialist) to affect something so that it becomes more regular, slower, etc.

drugs that effectively modulate the disease process

caress verb

/kəˈres/

/kəˈres/

Verb Forms

​caress somebody/something to touch somebody/something gently, especially in a sexual way or in a way that shows love/ VUỐT VE

His fingers gently caressed her cheek.

caress verb

/kəˈres/

/kəˈres/

capitulate verb

/kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt/

/kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt/

Verb Forms

​[intransitive] capitulate (to somebody/something) to agree to do something that you have been refusing to do for a long time/ NHƯỢNG BỘ

SYNONYM give in (to somebody/something)

SYNONYM yield (2)

They were finally forced to capitulate to the terrorists' demands.

capitulate verb

/kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt/

/kəˈpɪtʃuleɪt/

restless adjective

/ˈrestləs/

/ˈrestləs/

​unable to stay still or be happy where you are, because you are bored or need a change/ không yên

The audience was becoming restless.

After five years in the job, he was beginning to feel restless.

The children always get restless on long trips.

She was in a restless mood.

Lydia had always been a restless child.

restless adjective

/ˈrestləs/

/ˈrestləs/

to be gradually made known; to gradually make something known to other people

The audience watched as the story unfolded before their eyes.

Dramatic events were about to unfold.

unfold something (to somebody) She unfolded her tale to us.

unfold verb

/ʌnˈfəʊld/

/ʌnˈfəʊld/

critic noun [C] (DISAPPROVING PERSON)

/ người không đồng tình

a person who expresses disagreement with something or disapproval of someone:

He has been one of the most outspoken critics of this administration.

critic noun

/ˈkrɪtɪk/

/ˈkrɪtɪk/

​needing great effort and energy/ vất vả

SYNONYM arduous

a strenuous climb

Avoid strenuous exercise immediately after a meal.

How about a stroll in the park? Nothing too strenuous.

Avoid tasks which require strenuous physical activity.

strenuous adjective

/ˈstrenjuəs/

/ˈstrenjuəs/

demanding adjective

/dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/

/dɪˈmændɪŋ/

​(of a piece of work) needing a lot of skill, effort, etc./ đòi hỏi

The work is physically demanding.

the most demanding challenge I have ever faced

demanding adjective

/dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/

/dɪˈmændɪŋ/

at somebody's beck and call/ luôn phải tuân theo yêu cầu của ai

​always ready to obey somebody's orders

She is constantly at the beck and call of her invalid father.

Don't expect to have me at your beck and call.

at somebody's beck and call

conclusive

adjective

US /kənˈklu·sɪv/

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(of facts, proof, or arguments) ending any doubt or uncertainty about a situation:/ thuyết phục

There's no conclusive evidence that power lines are a health risk.

conclusive

adjective

US /kənˈklu·sɪv/

detached adjective (WITHOUT EMOTION)

C2

A detached person does not show any emotional involvement or interest in a situation:/ vô cảm, tách biệt

She seemed a bit detached, as if her mind were on other things.

Throughout the novel, the story is seen through the eyes of a detached observer.

detached adjective (WITHOUT EMOTION)

apathetic

adjective

UK /ˌæp.əˈθet.ɪk/ US /ˌæp.əˈθet̬.ɪk/

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showing no interest or energy and unwilling to take action, especially over something important:/ thờ ơ

Young people today are so apathetic about politics.

Don't be so apathetic - how are you going to get a job if you don't even start looking?

pathetic

adjective

UK /ˌæp.əˈθet.ɪk/ US /ˌæp.əˈθet̬.ɪk/

spectrum

noun [ C ]

US /ˈspek·trəm/

spectrum noun [C] (RANGE)

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a range of objects, ideas, or opinions:/ dải ý kiến

There's agreement across the political spectrum.

A wide spectrum of opinion was represented at the meeting.

spectrum

noun [ C ]

US /ˈspek·trəm/

spectrum noun [C] (RANGE)

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to avoid something unpleasant:/ tránh

The Senator dodged questions about his relationship with the actress.

dodge

verb

UK /dɒdʒ/ US /dɑːdʒ/

vociferous

adjective

US /voʊˈsɪf·ər·əs/

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repeatedly and loudly expressing your opinions and complaints, or (of demands, complaints, etc.) expressed in this way:/ ồn ào

a vociferous critic of foreign policy

vociferous objections

vociferous

adjective

US /voʊˈsɪf·ər·əs/

affirmation

noun

UK /ˌæf.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

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[ C or U ]

a statement or sign that something is true:/ sự khẳng định

We welcome the government's affirmation of its intention to act.

The reports are an affirmation that the students are learning.

affirmation

noun

UK /ˌæf.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ US /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

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soothing

adjective

UK /ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/ US /ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/

soothing adjective (LESS ANGRY)

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C2

making you feel calm:/ êm dịu

I put on some nice soothing music.

Her words had a soothing effect.

soothing

adjective

UK /ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/ US /ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/

soothing adjective (LESS ANGRY)

cold turkey

noun [ U ] slang

UK /ˌkəʊld ˈtɜː.ki/ US /ˌkoʊld ˈtɝː.ki/

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the period of extreme suffering that comes immediately after a person has stopped taking a drug on which they depend:/ giai đoạn đau khổ cùng cực

go cold turkey Six years ago, she went cold turkey on (= stopped completely) a 60-a-day smoking habit.

US She had been trying to quit cold turkey without the support of a doctor.

cold turkey

noun [ U ] slang

UK /ˌkəʊld ˈtɜː.ki/ US /ˌkoʊld ˈtɝː.ki/

draw out something

phrasal verb with draw verb

US /drɔ/

past tense drew US/dru/ | past participle drawn US/drɔn/

(LENGTHEN)/ kéo dài

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to cause something to last longer than is usual or necessary:

The trial was drawn out because of the need to translate everything.

draw out something

phrasal verb with draw verb

US /drɔ/

past tense drew US/dru/ | past participle drawn US/drɔn/

(LENGTHEN)

into state/situation

​[intransitive] drift in/into something to go from one situation or state to another without realizing it/ rơi vào trạng thái ngủ

Finally she drifted into sleep.

The injured man tried to speak but soon drifted into unconsciousness.

He drifted in and out of consciousness.

She began to drift between sleep and wakefulness.

drift verb

/drɪft/

/drɪft/