HIS 101 - Unit 4 and 5 Flashcards

Flashcards about Alexander the Great to the Roman Republic

What was the King's Peace (387/386 BC)?

An agreement between Sparta and Persia where Sparta ceded Ionia to Persia, fostering disunity among Greek city-states.

Who was Philip II?

King of Macedon, father of Alexander the Great, and the architect of Macedonian power.

What military reforms did Philip II introduce?

He introduced the phalanx with longer pikes and formed the elite Companions cavalry.

What was the significance of the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC?

Philip II defeated Athens and Thebes, ending Greek independence.

Who was Alexander the Great?

Son of Philip II who conquered the Persian Empire and spread Hellenistic culture.

What happened to Tyre and Gaza during Alexander's conquests?

They resisted and were brutally punished; populations enslaved.

What were the successor states that Alexander's empire fragmented into?

Ptolemaic Egypt, Seleucid Asia, and Antigonid Macedonia.

What was Koine Greek?

A common Greek language that became widespread in the Hellenistic world.

What was the Library of Alexandria?

A vast repository of global knowledge in Egypt, symbolizing Hellenistic scholarship.

Who was Euclid?

A mathematician who wrote 'Elements', a foundational geometry text.

Who was Eratosthenes?

Measured Earth’s circumference accurately and promoted global navigation.

What is Stoicism?

A Hellenistic philosophy emphasizing virtue, duty, and rational acceptance of fate.

What is Epicureanism?

A philosophy valuing inner peace and happiness, avoiding politics.

Who were Romulus and Remus?

Mythical twin brothers; Romulus killed Remus and founded Rome (753 BC).

What is the story of the Sabine Women?

Women abducted and integrated into Roman society, symbolizing unity.

Who was Lucretia?

Her suicide after being raped sparked the revolution that founded the Roman Republic.

When was the Roman Republic established?

509 BC after overthrowing the monarchy.

What was the Senate in the Roman Republic?

Governing council of Rome, originally advisory, became dominant in the Republic.

What was the Struggle of the Orders?

Conflict between patricians and plebeians for political rights.

What were the Twelve Tables?

First Roman legal code, displayed in the Forum, around 450 BC.

What is Mos maiorum?

Roman respect for traditions and ancestors.

What is Patria potestas?

Legal power of the male head of household in Rome.

Who were the Vestal Virgins?

Priestesses of Vesta who symbolized civic virtue.

What was the Patron-client system?

Political and social networks of obligation in Rome.

Who was Cincinnatus?

Model dictator who returned power after crisis, symbolizing civic virtue.

What were the Punic Wars?

Conflicts between Rome and Carthage that led to Roman dominance.

What was a Latifundium?

Large estates that displaced small farmers in Rome.

Who was Spartacus?

Gladiator who led a major slave revolt against Rome (Third Servile War).

What is Pompeii known for?

Preserved Roman daily life after Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE.

What are the Appian Way, Circus Maximus, and Colosseum?

Examples of Roman engineering and entertainment marvels.

Darius III

Last Persian king who was defeated by Alexander the Great.

Latin Right

Legal status granting some rights of Roman citizenship to allied communities.

Roman Legion

Key Roman military unit; disciplined and flexible in formation.

Appian Way

Major Roman road linking Rome to southern Italy