Cell Division Flashcards B2

Flashcards for Cell Division Lecture Review

Stem cell

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell.

Adult stem cells

Stem cells from adults that can only differentiate into certain specialised cells

Embryonic stem cells

Stem cells from embryos that can differentiate into any specialised cell.

Plant meristems

Area where rapid cell division occurs in the tips of roots and shoots in plants.

Cell division by mitosis

Body cells divide to form two identical daughter cells.

Purpose of mitosis

Growth and repair of cells, asexual reproduction

Therapeutic cloning

The process by which cells from a patient are used to create a cloned early embryo of themselves; stem cells from the embryo can then be used to treat the patient’s medical conditions.

First stage of the cell cycle

Cell grows bigger, chromosomes duplicate, number of subcellular structures increases.

Mitosis stage of the cell cycle

One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.

Third stage of the cell cycle

The cytoplasm and cell membrane divide, forming two identical daughter cells.

Binary fission

Cell division in bacteria

Stem Cell

A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell.

Location of adult stem cells

Specific parts of the body in adults and children – for example, bone marrow

Differentiation ability of adult stem cells

Can only differentiate to form certain types of cells – for example, stem cells in bone marrow can only differentiate into types of blood cell

Location of embryonic stem cells

Early human embryos (often taken from spare embryos from fertility clinics)

Differentiation ability of embryonic stem cells

Can differentiate into any type of specialised cell in the body – for example, a nerve cell or a muscle cell

Location of plant meristem

Meristem regions in the roots and shoots of plants

Differentiation ability of Plant Meristems

Can differentiate into all cell types – they can be used to create clones of whole plants

Nucleus, Chromosomes, Genes

The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes. Each chromosome carries a large number of genes made of DNA molecules.

Mitosis

Mitosis is also used for asexual reproduction.