AQA GCSE Physics - Flashcards

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × speed².

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

GPE = mass × gravitational field strength × height.

What is the formula for elastic potential energy?

Elastic potential energy = 0.5 × spring constant × extension².

What is the formula for efficiency?

Efficiency = useful output ÷ total input.

What is the formula for current?

Current = charge ÷ time.

What is the relationship between potential difference

current

How do current and voltage behave in a series circuit?

Current is the same everywhere; voltage is shared.

How do current and voltage behave in a parallel circuit?

Voltage is the same everywhere; current splits across branches.

What are two formulas for electrical power?

Power = voltage × current and Power = current² × resistance.

What are the key features of mains electricity?

230V

What is the formula for density?

Density = mass ÷ volume.

What is internal energy?

The total kinetic and potential energy of all the particles.

What is specific latent heat?

Energy needed to change the state of 1kg of a material without changing its temperature.

What is the relationship between pressure and volume for a gas?

Pressure × volume = constant (Boyle’s Law).

What charges do protons

neutrons

What is alpha radiation made of?

Two protons and two neutrons (helium nucleus).

What is beta radiation?

A high-speed electron emitted from the nucleus.

What is gamma radiation?

Electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus.

What is half-life?

The time for the number of radioactive nuclei (or count rate) to halve.

What is the formula for weight?

Weight = mass × gravitational field strength.

What is resultant force?

The overall force acting on an object.

What is Newton’s Second Law?

Force = mass × acceleration.

What is the formula for momentum?

Momentum = mass × velocity.

What is the stopping distance of a vehicle?

Thinking distance + braking distance.

What is the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?

Transverse oscillations are perpendicular; longitudinal oscillations are parallel to energy transfer.

What is the formula for wave speed?

Wave speed = frequency × wavelength.

What happens during reflection?

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

What happens during refraction?

A wave changes speed and direction at a boundary.

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Radio → Microwave → Infrared → Visible → Ultraviolet → X-ray → Gamma ray.

Which direction do magnetic field lines go?

From north pole to south pole.

How does the right-hand rule help?

Thumb points current

What is the motor effect?

A current-carrying wire in a magnetic field experiences a force.

What is the generator effect?

Moving a conductor in a magnetic field induces a voltage.

How do transformers work?

They use electromagnetic induction to change AC voltage.