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Abnormal Behavior
A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and response that is not typical or culturally expected.
Distress/Impairment
The individual is upset, and their behavior is maladaptive.
Atypical Response
Behavior that deviates from the average and does not fit the norm.
Psychological Dysfunction
A breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.
Harmful Dysfunction
Behavior that is out of the individual's control, as defined by Jerome Wakefield.
Cultural Relativism
The idea that behavior can only be considered abnormal relative to cultural norms, with no universal standards for abnormal behavior
4Ds
Dysfunction
Distress
Deviance
Dangerousness
Butcher’s Indicator of abnormality
Subjective distress
Maladaptiveness
Statistical Deviancy
Violation of societal standards
Social discomfort
Uncontrollability, Irrationality, Unpredictability
Dangerousness
Scientist Practitioner
Mental health professionals who apply a scientific approach in their clinical work.
Duties of Scientist Practitioners
Keeping up with scientific developments, evaluating their own assessments, and conducting research to produce new information about disorders.
Supernatural Tradition
Historical view that sees disorders as evil punishments, often treated with exorcism and confinement.
Biological Tradition
The belief that disorders are caused by brain pathology or genetics, as proposed by figures like Hippocrates and Galen.
Humoral Theory
Galen's theory that normal brain functioning is related to four bodily fluids (humors).
General Paresis
A condition where hallucinations and delusions are caused by an STD, treated with Malaria.
Moral Therapy
A psychological tradition emphasizing the role of personality and social/cultural differences.
Humanitarian Reform
Efforts to improve conditions in mental health hospitals, led by figures like Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix.
Clinical Description
The first step in determining a disorder, focusing on the presenting problem and distinguishing it from other disorders.
Presents
A shorthand way of indicating why a person came to the clinic.
Course
The pattern that a disorder follows over time.
Jerome Wakefield
Harmful dysfunction was found by whom
Lunacy
attributing disorders to the movement of moon and stars
General Paresis
used Malaria as treatment
John Grey
Believed that the cause of insanity is always physical
Manfred Sakel
Proposed Insulin Shock Therapy
Benjamin Franklin
Used Electric Shock to cure depression
John von Meduna
Used induced brain seizures for schizophrenia
Philippe Pinel
Removal of chain from mental health hospitals
Benjamin Rush
Founder of American Psychology
Benjamin Rush
Proponent of Moral Management
Dorothea Dix
Proponent of Mental Hygiene Movement
William Tuke
York Retreat
William Tuke
believed that treatment should have gentleness, understanding, and goodwill
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