Dental Terminology Chapter 13 Part II

reamer

thin, twisted, sharp-edged instrument inserted into a root canal and rotated clockwise to enlarge and taper the canal

Hedstrom file

cone-shaped, twisted-edge instrument used for enlarging and smoothing pulpal walls

paper points

small, narrow, absorbent paper tips that may be inserted into an obturated root canal; used to dry the prep site or to carry medication to the area

file

thin, rough-edged instrument used to plane and smooth pulpal walls

K-file

has twisted edges and is used to enlarge as well as smooth pulpal walls; color-coded to denote size

flex file

stainless steel or nickel titanium alloy file that is stronger and more flexible; used in narrow, curved root canals

pesso reamer

thicker, engine-driven reamer with larger and longer parallel cutting edges for use in root canal openings

Gates-Glidden drills

engine-driven, latch-type burs with flame-shaped tips; used to provide an opening and access to a root canal

stopper

small piece of elastic band or commercial plug that is moved up or down the shaft of an endodontic instrument; used to mark and indicated the length of penetration

rotary burs and stones

friction grip burs with diamond or carbide tips used to gain access to a root canal through restoration and crowns

root canal spreader

longer shank with pointed nib; used to carry and insert cement or filling material into a root canal

endodontic spreader

longer shank with pointed nib; used to carry and insert cement or filling material into a root canal

root canal plugger

longer-shanked with a flat tipped nib; used to condense and adapt root canal filling material

root canal condenser

handled, long-tip instrument that may be heated and used to condense gutta-percha to root canal walls

Lentulo spiral drill

thin, twisted wire, latch-type rotary instrument used to spread calcium hydroxide or cement into a root canal

apex locator machine

used to determine the proximity of the test file to the root apex and relate the information to PC board screen during preparation of a root canal

heat carrier machine

provides adjustable heat to soften, deliver, and condense gutta-percha to a root canal

electric endodontic handpiece

permits the use of instruments at slow speeds for finger instrumentation

Luer-loc syringe

barrel-type syringe with piston force plunger; used to inject fluids into the cavity

gutta-percha points

tapered points made of a thermoplastic compound; similar in size to silver points, or endodontic instruments; used to fill a root canal

silver points

tapered silver points comparable in size to files and reamers; used to fill a root canal

cement pastes and fillers

zinc oxide and eugenol mixes with commercial materials; used to cement points in a root canal

sodium hypochlorite

chemical used to clean and sterilize

hydrogen peroxide

chemical used to clean and sterilize

soap

used to lubricate root canal

glycerin

used to lubricate root canal

chelator

chemical ion softener used to soften tissue

citric acid

used to soften tissue

EDTA

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; used to soften tissue

dessicant

used to dry an area or clear away other chemical traces; Ex: methanol, ethanol alcohol

medicament

used for antimicrobial action to prevent pain and neutralized the pulpal area; Ex: phenols, aldehydes, halines, steroids, calcium hydroxides, antibiotics

curettage

scraping of the apical area; may be necessary to remove necrotic tissue

root hemisection

surgical division of a multi-rooted tooth that may be performed in a lengthwise manner

bicuspidization

surgical division of a tooth retaining both sides

traumatized

wounded

luxation

tooth movement; Ex: concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, extruded luxation

concussion

tooth loosened as a result of a blow; usually recovery occurs with minimal attention

subluxation

tooth partially dislocated; may evidence bleeding but require only minor attention

lateral luxation

tooth may be partially displaced with the root apex tilted forward

extruded luxation

tooth may be forced partially out of its socket

avulsion

replantation of teeth that have been accidentally lost; may undergo root canal treatment at this time or at a future appointment

fracture

breakage; may be a broken cusp, crown, root, or split tooth

replantation

replacing an avulsed tooth in its tooth socket

transplantion

transfer of a tooth from one alveolar socket to another

autogenous

describing a transplantation in which a tooth is moved from one position in the oral cavity to another area in the same cavity

homogeneous

describing a transplantation in which a tooth is transferred and inserted from one patient to another

heterogenous

describing a transplantation in which a tooth is transferred from one species to another; not yet a feasible practice

implantation

placing titanium metal extensions into the tooth root; may be performed endodontically to provide a longer crown-root ratio and stabilize the tooth

intracanal bleaching

process of heating or photo-oxidizing with ultraviolet rays to help lighten the tooth color