The Endocrine System: Functions and Disorders

Endocrine System

Regulates body cells via hormone signaling.

Hormone

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream.

Amino Acid-Based Hormones

Water-soluble hormones activating membrane-bound receptors.

Steroid Hormones

Lipid-soluble hormones altering gene expression.

Hormone Action Mechanism

Hormones bind to receptors, changing cell activity.

Target Cell

Cell that responds to specific hormone signals.

Receptor

Protein that binds hormones to trigger responses.

Negative Feedback System

Regulates hormone release based on body needs.

Acromegaly

Growth hormone hypersecretion causing enlarged features.

Gigantism

Growth hormone hypersecretion leading to excessive height.

Pituitary Dwarfism

Growth hormone hyposecretion resulting in short stature.

Goiter

Thyroid hormone hyposecretion causing thyroid enlargement.

Cushing's Syndrome

Glucocorticoid hypersecretion causing fat accumulation.

Cretinism

Calcitonin hyposecretion leading to stunted growth.

SAD

Melatonin hypersecretion causing seasonal mood changes.

Diabetes

Insulin hyposecretion leading to high blood sugar.

Masculinization

Testosterone hypersecretion causing female physical changes.

Hormone Release Regulation

Controlled by hypothalamus through feedback mechanisms.

Cell Membrane Proteins

Open to transmit signals upon hormone binding.

Hormonal Disorders

Conditions resulting from abnormal hormone levels.

Physiological Processes

Functions regulated by hormones in the body.

Intracellular Receptors

Bind steroid hormones to initiate gene changes.