Articulation Disorders Exam 2

The shape of the face tells you about the shape of the ___________

Dental structure

Nasal Cavity

Oral cavity

phonological processes

metaphon approach

for children who have failed to acquire the rules of the phonological system

• minimal pairs - improves awareness of sounds

• phase 1 - identify

• phase 2 - awareness & application

Which contrastive approach differs by a single phoneme?

Minimal pairs

What has the most impact on intelligence?

Omissions

Metaphon theory is a good approach for children who exhibit...

Limited phoneme inventories

Display numerous phonological processes

Exhibit unusual phonological processes

What are the late 8 phonemes?

ʃ ɵ s z ð ʒ r l

What are the levels, in the correct order, of phase 1 of metaphon theory?

Concept, sound, phoneme, word

What does the Van Riper/ traditional approach rely on?

Clinician modeling

Which of the following is NOT a component of evidence- base practice?

Literature review

What is a good example of a minimal pair to use during therapy?

ring/wing

What are the contrasting approaches?

• Conventional minimal pairs

• Multiple oppositions - contrasts mult sounds w/ 1 error difference

• Maximal approches - comparing very different words (distinction)

What is the most important criteria to consider when crossing therapy goals?

Intelligibility

What is a characteristic of a square face?

Abnormally wide palate

Problems with lateral margin stabilization

Problems with palatal sounds

What is an important detail to remember when administering phase 1 of metaphon theory?

Child should not

What percentage of children with SSD exhibit academic difficulty through high school?

50-70%

What is the purpose of the oral mech exam?

To identify or rule out structural or functional factors that relate to a communication disorder

What is not important when picking treatment targets?

Quantity of words

What is an example of a minimal pair?

luck/yuck

ring/bling

What are the SMART goals?

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, timely

What speech errors are most common when having a long face?

Frontal lisp

What type of child would you use the cycles approach with?

Severe phonological disorder

Which is NOT a part of the MAYO 10? (used of CAS apraxia)

Faster rate of speech

How many phonemes differ in minimal pairs?

1

middle 8 sound?

/t, ŋ, k, g, f, v, tʃ, dʒ/

At what age should a child typically be 100% intelligible?

7

Which minimal pair is most appropriate to use to hear gliding?

ring/ wing

Which is NOT a part of an oral mech exam?

Hearing screening

Phonetic inventory is any sound a child can produce

True

Which is NOT a late 8 phoneme?

/w/

What do dysarthria and CAS have in common?

They are both motor speech based

Which of these minimal pairs would be best targeted in therapy for stopping?

/sɑg/ + /dɑg/

Which of these best describes knowledge of results?

Outcome accuracy

Which is not an aspect of the cycles approach?

Multiple oppositions

Which characteristic describes a phonological disorder?

Consistent patterns of error

Which of these is not a part of the assessment process?

Reliability

What do the phonological therapy approaches focus on?

Function of speech

How intelligible should a child be at 2 years old?

50%

Which type of feedback is most important?

Extrinsic

Muscular control: respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation, and prosody are the speech characteristics of dysarthria?

True

Which is an impairment in planning and programming the movements necessary to produce speech sounds?

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

What is the most ideal face shape?

Mesocephalic

Who is the grandfather of speech pathology?

Charles Van Riper

How many words are selected for the core vocabulary approach?

50

A speech difference must meet what criteria to be an SSD?

Arises during childhood & is not directly attributable to damage to speech mech

Not result of dialect or accent

Child or members of child's community consider it a speech problem

What is the key characteristic of CAS which differs from dysarthria?

Difficulty with motor planning

Which is NOT an element of the Van Riper Approach?

Core activity

What option best describes a phonological disorder?

Consistent errors, form patterns, unintelligible

Which aspect is NOT a precursor of motor learning?

Stimulability

Which most accurately describes the cycles approach?

Stimulates the...

What therapy focuses on production using contrasting word pairs instead of individual sounds?

Contrast therapy

How many steps are in the Hodson's steps of phonological acquisition?

7

What measures the individuals development of particular skills in terms of absolute levels of mastery?

Criterion- referenced test

What is damaged in the brain to cause Ataxic dysarthria?

Cerebellum

When considering appropriate statements to focus on during therapy, which statement would be most appropriate?

'Great! I can understand that word when you say is with your clear /s/!"

Which is not appropriate to consider when choosing which goals to target first?

Stimulability

Family Dynamic

What makes metaphon therapy different than other treatment approaches?

The beginning requires the client to just listen respond verbally

What step in the Van Riper approach does Dr. Highfill omit?

Step 2: production of sound in isolation

What are characteristics of phonological speech errors?

Consistent, predictable

Which of the following is NOT a contrastive approach?

Cycles approach

Which child would NOT benefit from metaphon therapy?

Children who display one process

Which of the following is an example of stopping?

/ʃu/ --> /tu/

Select characteristics of CAS (multiple)

Voicing errors

Equal stress

Which of the following is considered the "traditional" approach, characterized by targeting individual phonemes?

Van Riper Approach

If you have a client who presents with a motor- speech disorder, which concept would you apply in treatment?

Principles of motor speech

What does SMART stand for?

Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, time- bound

Given the minimal pair "bat" and "cat", which phonological process would you be targeting?

Backing

What is the key difference between CAS and dysarthria?

Sequencing v. coordination

Bobby pronounces /t/ in place of /b/, as in /tæt/ for /bæt/, what is this?

Alveolar assimilation

What is the purpose of the oral mech exam?

Assess for any abnormal facial structures that contribute to communication disorder

What kind of patient would you use the multiple oppositions approach on?

Moderate to severe speech sound disorders

What is the first step of differential diagnosis?

Assessment

What is the first step of the traditional approach?

Ear training

Which of the following is a lesser known/seen phonological process?

Metathesis

What is a characteristic of CAS?

Difficulty with planning & programming of motor speech movements

Which is an example of stridency deletion?

Soup--> toup /s/ --> /t/

Feet--> teet /f/-->/t/

Which treatment approach targets 50 vowels in total, but 10 per session?

Core vocabulary approach

What type of child would the phonological therapy approaches be used one?

Consistent errors that form patterns and has unintelligible speech

What phonemes are included in the early 8?

m n, j b w d p h

What characteristics indicate childhood apraxia of speech?

Inconsistent errors, prosody, groping, planning, difficulty

If a child replaces the phoneme /d/ for /g/ in the words, /go/, what is this called?

Fronting

Which diagnostic tool would best help a clinician assess stimulability for specific speech sounds?

Imitation tasks during a speech assessment

What is the primary goal of the cycles approach>

To gradually increase intelligibility by targeting phonological patterns in cycles

A child with a diagnosis of dysarthria is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with articulation due to an underlying motor control problem

What is the primary purpose of a speech sample analysis in diagnosing speech sound disorders?

To evaluate spontaneous speech production and phonological patterns

A child exhibits consistent errors, such as omitting final consonants in words and backing of sounds, suggesting a likely diagnosis of:

Phonological process disorder

Which of the following is most likely to cause a speech disorder sue to neurological impairment or muscle weakness in a child?

Dysarthria

Which of the following is a characteristic of articulation disorder but not typically seen in Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Consistent errors in producing specific phonemes

Which activity would most likely be used in a session using the Multiple Oppositions Approach?

Practicing works like "tip, ship, chip, slip" if the child substitutes all of them with "dip"

What does diadochokokinetic (DDK) rate testing assess in a speech sound evaluation?

Oral motor control and speech

Which of the following signs might indicate velopharyngeal insufficiency during an oral mechanism exam?

Nasal emission during speech

Compared to minimal oppositions therapy, maximal oppositions therapy focuses on:

Greater Feature differences

Knowledge of Results (KR) feedback focuses on:

Whether the response was correct

Which of the following is most commonly observed in children with dysarthria?

Imprecise and slurred speech with reduced intelligibility

Why is the Cycles Approach considered a "cycle"?

It targets several patterns in succession and then repeats them

A child substitutes /t/ for /k/ (e.g., "tat" for "cat"). This is an example of which process?

Fronting

What is one advantage of delayed feedback in speech motor learning?

Forces reliance on internal feedback

Which technique is commonly used in the traditional approach to correct misarticulations?

Drill and practice

Which child would be the most appropriate candidate for the Cycles Approach?

A child with multiple consistent phonological processes reducing speech intelligibility

In the Core Vocabulary Approach, the primary goal is to:

Achieve consistent word production