sensors for 370

SMAP global soil moisture (soil moisture active passive)

uses active and passive remote sensing - data on surface and subsurface data profiles + anomalies

used for climate research, ag, and drought and hydrology assessments

enhances NDVI and RZSM (root zone soil moisture) measurements

Sentinel-5 NRTI AER AI

do real time aerosol index - detects fine aerosols like salt dust

sends out UV rays, with work even with cloud cover

can be used for measuring aerosol and agriculture applications

measures the difference between observed and predicted Rayleigh scattering of aerosol distribution

GRIDMET DROUGHT: CONUS Drought Indices

daily surface meteorological data (only of the lower 48 states_

provides 2 sets of data: primary climate variables (temperature, precipitation, humidity, etc.) and derived variables (energy release component, mean vapor pressure deficit, etc.)

helps with assessing drought risks (warmer climates = higher rates of evaporation)

Photosynthetically Active Radiation Daily 3-Hour

combines photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) data from terra and aqua sensors

can tell when plans are absorbing light @ .05° every 3 hours

used for agricultural efficiency and photosynthetic capability analysis

Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

satellite and ground-based data

used to monitor SO2, NO2, CO2, also shows seasonal trends and spatial variation

Planet SkySat Public Ortho Imagery, Multispectral

a combination of 21 different satellites

have various orbit types (sun synchronous, inclined/non sun synchronous) and altitudes of deployment

captures panchromatic and multispectral halves (capture overlapping strips to build the best image)

used to visualize the Earth (bands can display different colors of images)

Sentinel-5P NRTI CLOUD

provides information on the atmosphere (gases, cloud fraction, pressure, albedo and cloud height)

can be looked at what factors drive cloud coverage and dust season

has a tropospheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI)

Copernicus Global Land Service

shows dynamics of land surface

provides results like vegetation, ground motion, land use, etc.

used to support forestry, agricultural services, biodiversity conservation, etc.

AVHRR Cloud Properties

measures global cloud cover and physical properties of cloud (1978-2016)

measures reflectance of Earth surface

shows solar energy location placement and weather patterns (solar panel placements)

Terraclimate

monthly climate and climactic water balance for global terrestrial surfaces

provides primary variables (max/min temp, vapor pressure, etc.) and derived variables (runoff, soil moisture, etc.)

allows for climate/ecological/hydrological studies @ a global scale

Hyperion Hyperspectral Imager

captures 220 spectral channels (NIR and short-wave infrared) with a linear array of detectors

helps to ID vegetation, valuable minerals and volcanic activity

TRMM Precipitation Radar (3B42)

tropical rainfall measuring mission (partnership between NASA + Japan)

uses bands to detect precipitation, ever 3 hours @ .25 degrees (microwave + NIR waves)

can be used for drought monitoring

Sentinel-5P NRTI AER

monitor atmospheric conditions - aerosols, O3, NO2, SO2, CO2

specifically focuses on detecting aerosols (analyzes wavelengths to determine type)

Sentinel-5P NRTI CH4

used for methane (CH4) and other GHG monitoring - short-wave infrared w/ the TROPOMI detector

can detect from specific point sources

polar-orbitting satellite

used to monitor atmospheric conditions (daily pollutant data)

Google Street View Air Quality: High Resolution Air Pollution Mapping in Cali

provides high resolution air pollution measurements across Cali for May 28th, 2015 to June 7th, 2019

used 4 cars (sample @ 1-sec Hertz time) outfitted with Aclima's mobile environmental sensing platform

environmental factors impact the accuracy of sensors (need to calibrate)

AVHRR Surface Reflectance

used to measure vegetation, land cover, and albedo

uses NDVI for plant health

produces LTDR (long-term data record), so the data can be tracked across time

used for vegetation monitoring, climate studies, and disaster management

Sentinel-3 OCLI (stands for Ocean and Land Color Instrument Earth Observation Full Res)

measures light being reflected from Earth's surface to gather data about ocean/land color, sea-surface temperature, etc.

every 2 days at 300 m

supports ocean forecasting and environmental monitoring (eutrophication data)

Aster (stands for Advanced Thermal and Reflection Radiometer)

bands: thermal, visible, short and short-wave infrared

used to map land surface temperatures, emissivity, reflectance and elevation

has been used to model glacial retreat

Sentinel-5P NRTI CO

near real-time carbon monoxide (# count of CO in a specific air column

has a TROPOMI on board

more absorbed wavelengths of light = more CO

AQUA

measures cloud + water surface properties

combines data from MODIS

MODIS

Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.

on both TERRA and AQUA satellites

measures the % of the planet's surface that is covered by clouds; measures the properties of clouds, photosynthetic activity of land and marine plants, and aerosols

every day/every other day updates globally

can be used for vegetation monitoring, ocean color data, etc.

TROPOMI

tropospheric monitoring instrument

imaging spectrometer that covers bands between ultraviolet and short-wave infrared, pushbroom method

AVHRR Sea Surface Temp

provides data on global sea surface temperature

helpful for climate research, oceanography (coral bleaching analysis)

2 thermal bands, calibrates to correct for errors

NAIP (National Agriculture Imagery Program)

takes images of the lower 48 states during 'leaf on' using ground sensors

conserves CLUs and used to research

Planet Skysat Public Ortho Imagery, RGB

constellation of 21 high-res Earth imaging satellites

used for updating Earth images (specifically used for the update of aerial images of buildings)

very cost effective manner of updating these maps

Copernicus DEM Glo-30

Global 30m digital elevation model

represents the Earth's surface, natural and manmade

provides detailed elevation data

helpful for hydrology, terrain mapping and management and env. management

very high accuracy (low RMSE)

AVNIR-2

advanced visible and NIR radiometer type 2 sensor attached to advanced land observing satellite

very high resolution, captures 4 bands

can be used to look at runoff, slope, etc. - implications for hydrological monitoring

Dynamic World

10m resolution global land use/land cover data

updates every 2-5 days (near real-time)

gets its data from Sentinel-2 Top of Atmosphere Imagery and then classifies those pixels

helpful for env. monitoring, disaster response, urban planning, etc.

has a probability band that will evaluate confidence - the satellite tends to have trouble when there are a bunch of green areas involved

GRACE

gravity recovery and climate experiment

measure monthly changes in Earth's gravitational field (tracks differences in mass by measuring the distance between the satellites)

can be used to look at flood risk, drought detection, ice melt, etc.

tracking WATER

RTMA

tracks weather data (updated hourly, focuses on wind speed and humidity)

helps to inform the red flag threat index, which can help to move resources quickly into an area that might need them b4 a fire breaks out

very helpful for looking at risk and monitoring for wildfires

GEDI L2A Raster Canopy Top Height (v.2)

used to look at ecosystem structure and dynamics - tree canopies originally but now is used to look at building height and density

helpful for monitoring the changes in buildings (reaching UN's sust. dev. goals)

very comprehensive satellite

AVHRR Aerosols

usually captures around 6 bands, globally twice a day, and tracks aerosols

originally used for meteorological monitoring and collected over the oceans (they're working on the land problems)

helps to show long-term results

Fire Information for Resource Management System

a collection of 5 satellites: TERRA, AQUA, S-NPP, NOAA 20 and NOAA 21

collects near real-time data on fires in the US and Canada, every 3 hours globally

sensors measure pixel brightness (often has issues with false positives/negatives, limits on fire # and pixel size of 1 km)

used for wildlife monitoring and management

Sentinel-5P NRTI Ozone

tracks ozone across the world

helpful when data from the ground is limited

need for it to be monitored for public health regions (it cycles seasonally)

AVNIR-2 ORI

only takes data from above japan - orthorectification of the Earth's surface in that area

collects R, G, B, and NIR bands, helpful for land classification and land use monitoring

Sentinel-5p NRTI NO2

monitors NO2 (in near real time)

tracked using ground sensors, 3.5 x 5 km, daily, near-polar sun synchronous orbit using the pushbroom method

needs to be monitored for public health

Sentinel-5P NRTI SO2

tracks SO2 using TROPOMI

used for watching clean air and fire prevalence

TOMS-EP

total ozone mapping spectrometer (total global ozone)

uses backscatter UV tech - whatever bounces off the earth and returns is counted

Sentinel-5P NRTI Formaldehyde

measures formaldehyde, NO2, SO2, CO, O3 using TROPOMI

formaldehyde is a marker for smog and ozone (need to monitor it for public health reasons)

the data is largely pretty reliable

commonly emitted from vegetation and human activities

Open Buildings V3 Polygons

imagery used to detect building footprints

helps to map areas without census data (urban planning, humanitarian aid)

input images and then the sensor categorizes them based on machine learning (U-Net AI, can texted things on a pixel scale)

VIIRS

visible infrared imaging radiometer suite

has bands across visible and infrared wavelengths

panchromatic Day/Night band (unique) - is very ultra sensitive in low light conditions

serves as a proxy for electricity consumption

Sentinel-2 Multispectral

part of the Copernicus Program (multispectral imaging)

tracks land cover + use (forest extent, forest productivity, crop diseases, crop type, urban analysis, urban heat island, etc.)

13 multispectral bands (red-edge bands)

a free access policies

REMA Strips 2m (Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica)

most strips are b/w 13-17 km in width and 110-120 km in length

more recent dataset