6.1 imperalism

19th Century Imperialism

Expansion of empires, notably European, globally.

Macartney Mission

1793 British attempt for better trade with China.

Qianlong Emperor

Chinese emperor who rejected British trade requests.

Opium Trade

British trade of opium to China, causing addiction.

Lin Zexu

Chinese commissioner who protested opium trade.

Treaty of Nanjing

1842 agreement granting Britain Hong Kong and ports.

Spheres of Influence

Areas where foreign powers held exclusive rights.

Taiping Rebellion

Massive civil war in China, altering power dynamics.

British Trade Deficit

Britain's trade deficit with China exceeded $30 billion.

Canton

Main trading port for foreign merchants in China.

British Gunships

Used to force open Chinese trade ports.

Rhubarb, Silk, Tea

Chinese products threatened by Lin Zexu's letter.

Flaming Monkeys

Humorous reference to a failed Chinese counterattack plan.

Opium Addiction

Public health crisis in China due to opium.

Celestial Empire

Term used by China to describe its own sovereignty.

Imperialism

Policy of extending a country's power and influence.

European Trade Practices

Methods used by Europeans to dominate Chinese markets.

Compensation Demand

British request for payment after opium confiscation.

Economic Power Shift

Transition of economic dominance from China to Britain.

British Free Trade Policy

Encouraged unrestricted trade, including opium in China.

Chinese Sovereignty

China's control over its own territory and laws.

Cultural Exchange

Interaction between British and Chinese cultures during trade.

Manufacturing Power

China's status as a leading producer before imperialism.

Scramble for Africa

Rapid European colonization of Africa in the late 1800s.

Industrialization

Economic transformation driving European expansion and colonization.

Nationalism

Patriotic sentiment promoting competition for colonies.

Raw materials

Natural resources sought by Europeans for industrial economies.

Cotton

Key raw material for textile production during imperialism.

Copper

Valuable metal used in industrial machinery and wiring.

Iron

Essential material for construction and manufacturing.

Rubber

Crucial resource for tires and industrial products.

Disease impact

African diseases hindered European colonization efforts.

Smallpox

Disease that did not devastate Africans like in Americas.

Yellow fever

Mosquito-borne disease that affected Europeans in Africa.

Malaria

Life-threatening disease prevalent in tropical Africa.

Sleeping sickness

Disease transmitted by tsetse flies, affecting humans.

Nagana

Disease killing horses, limiting European inland access.

Steam ships

Technology enabling European travel on African rivers.

Quinine

Medicine that mitigates effects of malaria.

Maxim machine gun

Revolutionary weapon that gave Europeans military advantage.

Tonic water

Quinine-infused drink, historically mixed with gin.

Guns vs. swords

European firearms initially ineffective against African warriors.

Technological superiority

Advancements that allowed European dominance in Africa.

Colonial competition

European rivalry for territorial acquisitions in Africa.

ABC for Baby Patriots

Children's rhyme promoting British colonial pride.

Colonial motives

Economic, political, and social reasons for imperialism.

Hiram Maxim

Inventor of the Maxim machine gun.

Maxim machine gun

Early automatic firearm, influential in warfare.

Captive Flying Machine

Amusement park ride invented by Hiram Maxim.

Bigamy

The act of marrying multiple spouses.

European imperialism

European domination over Africa and Asia.

Technological superiority

Advantage in technology aiding military victories.

Indirect rule

Governance through local leaders under European control.

Frederick Lugard

British administrator known for indirect rule in Nigeria.

Colonial administration

System of governing colonies by foreign powers.

Native rulers

Indigenous leaders maintaining power under colonial rule.

British troops in India

Majority were Indians commanded by British officers.

Resistance to imperialism

Africans fought against European domination, often violently.

Belgium's sovereignty

Limited independence prior to 19th century.

Notable exceptions

Countries like Japan and Thailand avoided colonization.

Military technology

Advanced weaponry used to control colonies.

Colonization of Africa

European powers established control over African territories.

Disease impact

Many Europeans died from diseases in colonies.

Arab monarchs

Rulers in French protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia.

Indian princes

Local rulers retaining power in colonial India.

European collaboration

Working with local leaders for easier governance.

Mongols in Afghanistan

Historical reference to difficulty in conquering Afghanistan.

Colonial power dynamics

Complex relationships between colonizers and indigenous rulers.

Cultural assimilation

Local customs influenced by European governance.

Prestige

Status and respect gained through achievements.

Mahatma Gandhi

Indian leader educated in England, son of official.

Maxim gun

Early machine gun, symbolizing technological superiority.

Maori resistance

Indigenous New Zealanders' successful defense against British.

Musketry

Skillful use of muskets in warfare.

Outnumbered three-to-one

Maori faced overwhelming odds against settlers.

Menelik II

Ethiopian emperor who defeated Italians, secured independence.

Khedive Ismail

Egyptian ruler whose modernization efforts led to bankruptcy.

Cairo Opera House

Opened in 1871, commissioned by Khedive Ismail.

Suez Canal

Key waterway built with French investment in 1869.

Business imperialism

Economic exploitation of developing nations by industrialized countries.

Nationalist uprising

Local resistance against foreign control in Egypt.

Economic integration

Incorporation of developing nations into global economy.

Industrialized nations

Countries with advanced manufacturing and economic systems.

Colonial legacy

Long-lasting effects of imperialism on global relations.

Cheap bananas

Result of historical imperialistic agricultural practices.

Indian call centers

Outsourced services influenced by economic imperialism.

Chocolate from Africa

Agricultural products shaped by colonial exploitation.

Century of imperialism

Period defining modern global economic and political structures.

Giuseppe Verdi

Composer of Aida, commissioned for Cairo Opera House.

Red tape

Bureaucratic procedures that complicate governance.

Thought Bubble

Graphics team responsible for visual content in Crash Course.

Homogeneous mythologized unitary polity

Concept suggesting a unified national identity.