Cell Parts

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains DNA.

Mitochondria

Organelles that produce energy (ATP) through cellular respiration; known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Ribosomes

Small structures that synthesize proteins; found on the rough ER or floating in cytoplasm.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)

A network of membranes covered in ribosomes; helps in protein synthesis and transport.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)

A membrane network without ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Golgi Apparatus

Processes

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that digest waste

Cell Membrane

A flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; made of a phospholipid bilayer.

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that gives the cell shape and helps with movement.

Centrioles

Structures involved in cell division in animal cells.

Vacuole

A storage sac that can hold water

Chloroplast

Organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs; contains chlorophyll.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides structure and support.

Nucleolus

A dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that break down fatty acids and neutralize toxic compounds like hydrogen peroxide.

Plasma Membrane

Another term for the cell membrane.

Nuclear Envelope

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and controls what goes in and out.