Module #3

Pathogen

a microbe that is harmful and can cause infection.

Antibiotic

a drug that kills certain microbes that cause infection.

Vector

a carrier that transmits disease.

Carrier

a human or animal that is a reservoir for microbes but does not develop infection.

Contamination

the process of becoming unclean.

Biohazardous waste

items contaminated with blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions.

Disinfectant

a liquid chemical that can kill many or all pathogens except spores.

Microorganism

a small living thing seen only with a microscope.

Normal flora

microbes that live and grow in a certain area.

Immunity

protection against a certain disease.

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

an infection that develops in a person cared for in any setting where health care is given; the infection is related to receiving health care.

Antisepsis

the process, procedures, and chemical treatments that kill microbes or prevent them from causing an infection

Clean technique

"medical asepsis"

Disinfectant

  a liquid chemical that can kill many or all pathogens except spores

Disinfection

the proces of killing pathogens

Infection control

practices and procedures that prevent the spread of infection

Medical asepsis

practices used to reduce the number of microbes and prevent their spread from one person or place to another person or place

Microbe

"micoorganism"

Spore

a bacterium protected by a hard shell

Sterile

the absence of all microbes

Sterile technique

the practices used to remove all microbes

Sterilization

the process of destroying all microbes

Vaccination

giving vaccine to produce immunity against an infectious disease

Vaccine

a preparation containing dead or weakened microbes

Vehicle

any substance that transmits microbes

Communicable disease

a disease caused by a pathogen that spreads easily

Contagious disease

"communicable disease"

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

the clothing or equipment worn by staff for protection against a hazard

CDC

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

OPIM

Other potentially infectious materials

Infection

a disease state resulting from the invasion and growth of microbes in the body

Recoil

chest returns to normal position after compression

30:2

1 person CPR

15:2

2+ person CPR

2 in

depth of compressions

100-120

compressions/minute

5-10 secs

amount of time to check for pulse

flick bottom of foot

check responsiveness of infant

brachial pulse

where to check pulse for infant

Infant choking

5 slaps/5 chest thrusts

7-10 min

Amount of time without oxygen before parts of brain dies

Methicillan Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

MRSA

MRSA symptoms

red area, painful, swollen, little bumps, warmness on or around affected area, puss, other drainage fever

MRSA

- very hard to treat
- multiply out of control

High risk for MRSA

diabetics, student athletes, elderly, on certain types of antibiotics, people with weakened immune system, have HIV, lupus, cancer

Rickettsiae

diverse collection of obligatory intracellular gram-negative bacteria found in ticks, lice, fleas, mites, chiggers, and mammals

bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses

4 Types of microbes

E.coli, tuberculosis

bacteria examples

ringworm, yeast

fungi examples

giardia, malaria

protozoa examples

hepatitis, herpes, covid

virus examples

common sites for HAIs

urinary system
respiratory system
wounds and surgical sites
bloodstream

HAI examples

clostridium difficile (C-diff)
hepatitis A, B, C
HIV
influenza
MRSA
TB
VRE
covid