Labeled Immunoassays - Lecture Notes

A series of flashcards designed to review key vocabulary and concepts covered in the Labeled Immunoassays lecture.

Labeled Immunoassays

Techniques designed to detect antigens and antibodies using labeled reactants.

Heterogeneous Assays

Immunoassays requiring physical separation of bound and free components.

Homogeneous Assays

Immunoassays that do not require a physical separation step.

Competitive Immunoassays

Assays where labeled and unlabeled antigens compete for binding to a limited number of antibody sites.

Noncompetitive Immunoassays

Assays where the patient antigen is captured and measured using a labeled antibody.

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

An immunoassay that uses radioactive labels for highly sensitive detection.

Enzyme Immunoassays (EIAs)

Assays that use enzymes as labels to produce measurable products.

Indirect ELISA

A noncompetitive immunoassay used to detect antibodies in patient samples.

Capture Immunoassay

An assay that uses a solid phase antibody to capture antigens from a sample.

Biotin-Avidin Labeling

A method using biotin and streptavidin to increase detection sensitivity.

High-Dose Hook Effect

A phenomenon where excess antigen results in falsely low assay readings.

Autoantibodies

Antibodies that mistakenly target the body's own tissues, causing false positives.

Homogenous EIAs

Assays that measure analytes in solution without physical separation steps.

Chemiluminescent Immunoassays

Assays that use chemical reactions to produce light for detection.

Fluorescent Immunoassays

Assays that use fluorochromes to detect antigens or antibodies.

Direct Immunofluorescence

Technique using fluorescently labeled antibodies to identify pathogens.

Indirect Immunofluorescence Assays

Technique that uses a secondary labeled antibody to detect primary antibodies.

Multiplex Immunoassay (MIA)

A technique that detects multiple antibodies or antigens simultaneously.

Rapid Immunoassays

Quick, membrane-based assays suitable for point-of-care testing.

Antibody Capture

Process where antibody binds to antigen immobilized on a solid phase.

Signal Detection

The process of measuring the intensity of the signal generated in an assay.

Enzyme Activity

The rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme in an immunoassay.

Substrate in EIAs

A molecule that reacts with the enzyme to produce a detectable product.

Centrifugation

A technique used to separate components in a heterogeneous assay.

Solid Phase

The stationary phase in heterogeneous assays where binding occurs.

Analyte

The substance being measured or detected in an assay.

Immunoglobulin

An antibody that plays a key role in the immune response.

Labeling Molecules

Molecules used to tag reactants in immunoassays for detection purposes.

Alpha-Hemoglobin Stabilizing Protein

One of the common biomarkers that can be evaluated in assays.

Reagent Antibody

An antibody used to detect specific antigens during immunoassays.

Detection Antibody

An antibody that is labeled and used to quantify the analyte.

Test Sample

The sample being tested in an immunoassay to detect analytes.

Wash Steps

Steps taken to remove unbound materials in immunoassays.

Specificity in Assays

The ability of an assay to correctly identify the intended analyte.

Interferences in Assays

Elements that can cause inaccuracies in assay results.

Sensitivity

The ability of an assay to detect low concentrations of analytes.

Antigen Determinants

Specific parts of an antigen that antibodies recognize and bind to.

Incubation Time

The time period required for reactants to interact in an assay.

Flow Cytometry

A technique used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of particles.

Colorimetric Reaction

A reaction producing a color change used for detection in assays.

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Measurement of drug levels in the body to ensure proper dosing.

Heterophile Antibodies

Antibodies from one species that react with antigens from another species.

Colloidal Gold

Used in rapid assays for visual detection of reactions on membranes.