intro to animal science exam 2

what are the 9 systems of animal behavior?

sexual, caregiving(epimeletic), care-soliciting(et-epimeletic), agonistic, ingestive ,eliminative ,shelter seeking, investigative ,allelomimetic

Is there a relationship between sex drive and fertility?

not really

extreme sex drive has shown to ____ fertility

reduce

why can using an excessive number of males in a multiple-sire herd be beneficial?

it offsets poor breeders

what is a potential consequence of low fertility in a dominate bull within a herd?

it can lead to a low calf crop

how does social dominance among bull’s impact breeding within the same herd of cows?

a dominate bull may control breeding, but if he has low fertility, it negatively affects calf production

what tool is used to collect semen from bulls and stallions?

an artificial vagina

when looking at the sperm you're looking for?

sperm count and mobility, if its alive and swimming forward, and if its morphology is correct.

with castration males experience profound _____ _____…

behavioral changes (verifying importance of hormonal-directed expression)

intact males are more ____

aggressive

with cryptorchidism can the animal still breed?

yes

is cryptorchidism heritable?

yes

caregiving behavior is usually ____ oriented but ___ be ___

caregiving behavior is usually maternally oriented but can be both

what is it called when after birth the mother licks the young clean?

stimulation

stimulation after birth stimulates ___ ___ and encourages ____ and ___

stimulation after birth stimulates blood flow and encourages standing and nursing

when are pig weaned ?

3 weeks old

without strong stimulus of nursing milk output goes ____

down

creep feeding helps the dam to

start producing less milk

at what week is the peak for lactation curve

6 weeks

with reduction of nursing there is also a reduction in ____from the dam?

caregiving

cows usually give birth when?

at dark

with a reduction in milk the young are encouraged to do what?

to search for forage

care-soliciting behavior =

asking for attention/help

is care-soliciting behavior just for the young?

no also for adults when they ask for help

what’s the most effective way for a dam to recognize her offspring?

Smell

why do young nurse with rear end near female’s head?

so the female can smell them and identify them

when do young animals typically cry for help?

when they are distressed, disturbed, or hungry

how do dams and their offspring recognize each other?

through each other’s vocal sounds and smell

how dose a female determine whether to accept or reject a young animal attempting to nurse?

by recognizing its smell and vocalizations

what dose agonistic behavior include?

fight or flight response and aggressive/ passive behavior when in contact with another animal or producer

how do animals exhibit agonistic behavior when interacting with each other?

through fighting (mostly males)

when can agonistic behavior be observed?

interactions with other animals or humans and behavior during handling and restraint

when do males fight?

when they meet unfamiliar males

how are males managed during breeding season?

they are run singly

how are males managed outside the breeding season?

they are grouped with other males

what is the major cost associated with managing males?

having separate lots for each male so they don’t fight each other

what can happen when males fight? what should you do in consideration to this when you do put them together?

can fight to the point of exhaustion so put them together in early a.m. or late p.m. when temperature is low

how can fighting intensity be reduced when putting males together ?

by mixing in unfamiliar males and putting them in a neutral area (no territory)

what are the 4 stages to establish social dominance ?

offense, defense, escape , and passivity

unfamiliar males “____” after they ____ and assume _____ behavior

unfamiliar males “defeated” after they escape and assume passive behavior

why is it important to have sufficient space when putting males together?

need space for defeated male to submit

do females develop a pecking order? do they fight the same?

yes, they fight less intensely

unifiliar ___ sometimes fight. ___ rarely fight so can be grouped as strangers. (blank is a type of animal)

unifiliar sows sometimes fight. ewes rarely fight so can be grouped as strangers.

how do young animals learn social behavior?

by being raised with their own species

what can happen if young, intact males are isolated?

can attack humans

how do some animals behave before giving birth?

they withdraw from the group

how do most animals behave when there sick?

they withdraw from the group

what’s a big red flag in animal behavior?

when they withdraw from the group

what factors determine social rank in animals? (*5)

age, size, strength, experience, genetics

what happens to animals when there fed together vs when they aren’t? what is this a example of ___ ___ stimulus

they consume more food than if feed individually it’s a example of competitive environment stimulus

how dose age affects an animal’s ability to get its share of food?

older or weaker animals may have difficulty getting their share

how dose dominance in cows affect calf growth?

dominant cows wean heavier calves

what dose lip-smacking in a foal indicate?

“don’t kill me “

how to producers rank animal disposition?

from docile to wild

what can evaluating an animals posture help with?

interpreting mood and intent of the animal

what factors influence an animal’s disposition? (*3)

treatment, handling, and genetics

true or false producers don’t cull based on animal disposition?

false some do cull based on animal disposition

why do some producers cull based on disposition?

potential for injury, economic loss (fence/ facility) ,and it reduces excitability of other animals

what dose ease of handling depend on? (*4)

animal temperament, size, previous experience, and facility design

What are some factors that make an animal difficult to handle based on facility design? just name atleast 2

lighting, shadows, eye level, footing, etc….

your approach influences how the animal responds true or false

true

what can understand animal behavior help prevent with when handling? (*3)

prevent injury, undue stress, and physical exertion for all

who made this?

Temple grandin

where should handler position not be? where should they be ?

should not be behind or Infront, should be off to the side

the size of an animal’s flight zone depends on?

the tameness or wildness of the animal

what type of odor is offensive to animals?

blood odor

what visual sensitivities do cattle have?

sensitive to shadows and unusual movement

what is the range of vision for cattle?

310-360 degrees

what type of handling equipment minimizes stress for cattle?

curved, solid-sided chutes

why are round pens preferred for animal handling?

they eliminate corners where animals might bunch up

what’s ingestive behavior?

eating or drinking

what do ruminants do before ingesting/swallowing food?

lubricate it with saliva it helps with fermentation

what do ruminants do after swallowing food?

they ruminate or regurgitate food for further chewing known as chewing their cud

do ruminates graze far away from water?

no

what areas do ruminates tend to overgraze?

tend to overgraze near water areas

chewing cud terms …

eruptate=

gas=

eruptate= bleach

gas= carbon dioxide

what can you do to encourage animals to move away from water?

fencing and placing a salt block away from water

what teeth do cows not have?

upper incisors

____ behavior varies among species and involves how animals void waste

eliminative

cattle, sheep, goats, and chickens void ____, meaning they do not have a specific area to defecate

indiscriminately

swine tend to defecate in ____ areas

specific

shrink occurs when animals lose at least ___ of their liveweight during transport

3%

horses prefer to void on sent piles left by other horses true or false?

true

true or false weight loss due to shrink occurs mostly during the first hour of transport?

true

how can weight loss from shrink be reduced ?

by careful handling

cattle and sheep seek ___ areas for rest and rumination during hot weather

shady

pigs search for ___ areas in hot weather

wet

if the weather is cold pigs crowed against one another when lying down which can result in ….

them smothering each other

true or false: shivering is a sign of heat stress in animals?

false that’s a sign of cold stress

__ and __ are signs to looks out for when monitoring animals for temperature discomfort

panting and shivering

what type of hazard do the animals incur when they take shelter under trees?

lighting hazard

what is investigative behavior?

when the animal goes up and investigates nonthreatening objects

pig sheep and goats are very ___ while sheep are more __ (think about investigative behaviors)

pig sheep and goats are very curious while sheep are more timid

what is allelomimetic behavior?

when animals of a species tend to do the same thing at the same time (think about the bathroom rule with girls)

what are some examples of allelomimetic behavior?

graze and ruminate at the same time, gather at watering hole

how is allelomimetic behavior useful for producers? (*3)

to observe behavior, identify any outliers or unusualties , and helps move groups from one place to another

what’s a zygote?

fertilized egg

what’s the name for a female gamete and male gamete?(2 diff names)

a female gamete is a egg and a male gamete is sperm

what’s the starting point of most life cycles?

zygote

true or false: zygote divides many times to produce an adult organism

true