Thẻ ghi nhớ: The Industrial Revolution in Britain

industrial revolution

/ˌɪnˈdʌstriəl rɪˈvəluːʃən/ cuộc cách mạng công nghiệp

agrarian society

Ex: Before the Industrial Revolution, most people lived in an agrarian society.

/əˈɡrɛəriən səˈsaɪəti/ xã hội nông nghiệp

craft by hand

Ex: In the past, most tools were crafted by hand.

/krɑːft baɪ hænd/ thủ công

mass quantity

Ex: Factories can produce goods in large quantities.

/mæs ˈkwɒntɪti/ số lượng lớn

steam power

ex: Factories used steam power to operate machines.

/stiːm ˈpaʊər/ năng lượng hơi nước

textile

ex: New machines made textile production faster and cheape

/ˈtɛkstaɪl/ dệt may

iron-making industry

ex: The development of steam power helped improve the iron-making industry.

/ˈaɪən-ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri/ ngành sản xuất sắt

date back to

ex: This building dates back to the 18th century.

/deɪt bæk tuː/ có từ, có nguồn gốc từ

engine

ex: The car has a powerful engine.

/ˈɛndʒɪn/ động cơ

power

/ˈpaʊər/ cung cấp năng lượng

efficient

ex: The new machines were more efficient than traditional tools.

/ɪˈfɪʃənt/ hiệu quả

manufacturer

ex: Many manufacturers adopted new technologies during the Industrial Revolution.

/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərər/ nhà sản xuất

forward and backward strokes of the piston

ex: The engine works by using the forward and backward strokes of the piston.

/ˈfɔːrwərd ænd ˈbækwərd strəʊks ʌv ðə ˈpɪstən/ hành trình tiến và lùi của piston

gear mechanism

ex: The steam engine used a gear mechanism to transfer motion to the machine.

/ɡɪər ˈmɛkənɪzəm/ cơ chế bánh răng

rotary motion

ex: The wheel moves in a rotary motion.

/ˈrəʊtəri ˈməʊʃən/ chuyển động quay

innovation

/ˌɪnəʊˈveɪʃən/ sự đổi mới

energy source

/ˈɛnərdʒi sɔːs/ nguồn năng lượng

steam-powered transportation

ex: Steam-powered transportation included steam trains and steamships.

/stiːm-paʊərd ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃən/ giao thông chạy bằng hơi nước

prior to

ex: Prior to moving to the city, he lived in a village.

/ˈpraɪər tuː/ trước

spinner

ex: Before the Industrial Revolution, spinners produced thread by hand.

/ˈspɪnər/ người kéo sợi

weaver

ex: The new machines allowed weavers to produce cloth much faster.

/ˈwiːvə/ thợ dệt

dyer

Spinners, weavers, and dyers were important workers in the textile industry.

/ˈdaɪər/ thợ nhuộm

the smelting of iron ore with coke

ex: The smelting of iron ore with coke improved iron production during the Industrial Revolution.

/ðə ˈsmɛltɪŋ ʌv ˈaɪən ɔː wɪð kəʊk/ sự luyện quặng sắt với than cốc

charcoal

ex: charcoal was traditionally used to smelt iron ore.

/ˈtʃɑːrkəʊl/ than củi

in response to

ex: The company changed its products in response to customer demand.

/ɪn rɪsˈpɒns tuː/ để đáp ứng với

patent

ex: The company holds several patents for new technologies.

/ˈpeɪtənt/ bằng sáng chế

commercial telegraphy system

ex: The development of commercial telegraphy systems made long-distance communication much faster.

/kəˈmɜːʃəl təˈlɛɡrəfi ˈsɪstəm/ hệ thống điện tín thương mại

railway signalling

ex: Railway signalling improved the safety of train travel.

/ˈreɪlweɪ ˈsɪɡnəlɪŋ/ tín hiệu đường sắt

locomotive

ex: The first locomotives were powered by steam.

/ˈləʊkəˌməʊtɪv/ đầu máy xe lửa

collision

ex: The accident was caused by a collision between two trains.

/kəˈlɪʒən/ vụ va chạm

immense

ex: The accident was caused by a collision between two trains.

/ɪˈmɛns/ rất lớn

accelerate

ex: Technology has accelerated the spread of information.

/əkˈsɛləreɪt/ tăng tốc

urbanisation

ex: Urbanisation encouraged people to move from rural areas to cities.

/ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ đô thị hóa

overcrowded city

ex: Rapid urbanisation led to overcrowded cities.

/ˈəʊvərˈkraʊdɪd ˈsɪti/ thành phố đông đúc

inadequate

ex: The housing conditions in overcrowded cities were inadequate.

/ˌɪnˈædɪkwət/ không đủ

sanitation

ex: Poor sanitation led to the spread of diseases.

/ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/ vệ sinh

economic output

ex: Factories could produce goods on a much larger scale, increasing economic output.

/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk ˈaʊtpʊt/ sản lượng kinh tế

pace of change

ex: The pace of technological change is extremely fast.

/peɪs ʌv tʃeɪndʒ/ tốc độ thay đổi

machine operator

ex: A machine operator is responsible for operating and monitoring industrial machines.

/məˈʃiːn ˈɒpəreɪtə/ người vận hành máy móc

rob someone of their livelihood

ex: The introduction of machines robbed many workers of their livelihood.

/rɒb ˈsʌmwʌn ʌv ðer ˈlɪvlihʊd/ cướp đi kế sinh nhai của ai

desperate

ex: Many workers became desperate after losing their jobs.

/ˈdɛspərɪt/ tuyệt vọng

apprentice

ex: An apprentice learns a trade by working alongside an experienced worker.

/əˈprɛntɪs/ người học việc

instance

ex: This is an instance of rapid technological change.

/ˈɪnstəns/ trường hợp

exchange

/ɪksˈʧeɪndʒ/ sự trao đổi

uprising

ex: The workers organized an uprising against poor working conditions.

/ˈʌpˌraɪzɪŋ/ cuộc nổi dậy

mill

ex: The cotton mill used machines to produce cloth more efficiently

/mɪl/ nhà máy

resistance

ex: There was strong resistance to industrialisation among some workers.

/rɪˈzɪstəns/ sự kháng cự

vanish

ex: Many traditional jobs vanished during the Industrial Revolution.

/ˈvænɪʃ/ biến mất

canal network

ex: The canal network connected industrial towns with major ports.

/kəˈnæl ˈnɛtwɜːk/ mạng lưới kênh đào

reliable

/rɪˈlaɪəbl/ đáng tin cậy