History of Research Ethics

A collection of flashcards focused on key concepts and historical events related to research ethics.

Scientific Revolution

A period beginning with Copernicus' discoveries leading to a shift in scientific thought, including the heliocentric model.

Heliocentric Model

The astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the sun.

Empiricism

The theory that all knowledge is based on observation and experimentation.

Inductive Reasoning

A method of reasoning from specific observations to general principles.

Edward Jenner

The scientist known for developing the smallpox vaccine.

Louis Pasteur

Developed the rabies vaccine and made significant contributions to microbiology and vaccination.

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

A controversial study from 1932 to 1972 that monitored the progression of untreated syphilis in African-American men.

Eugenics

Practices aimed at improving the genetic quality of a population through selective breeding.

Nuremberg Code

A set of research ethics principles for human experimentation established after World War II.

Declaration of Helsinki

A set of ethical guidelines for medical research involving human subjects.

Belmont Report

A document outlining ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects, focusing on respect, beneficence, and justice.

Milgram Experiment

A famous study conducted in 1961 that examined obedience to authority figures.

Stanford Prison Experiment

A 1971 experiment led by Philip Zimbardo that studied the psychological effects of perceived power in a simulated prison environment.

Institutional Review Boards (IRB)

Committees that oversee research ethics and ensure that research practices are ethical and legally compliant.