working scientifically

How many multiples of unit is tera (T)?

12 zeros

How many multiples of unit is giga (G)

9 zeros

How many multiples of unit is mega (M)?

6 zeros

How many multiples of unit is deci (d)?

move along 1dp

How many multiples of unit is centi (c)?

move along 2dp

How many multiples of unit is milli (m)?

move along 3dp

How many multiples of unit is micro (μ)?

move along 6dp

How many multiples of unit is nano (n)?

move along 9dp

What are the 4 types of issues that scientifici developments can raise?

-economic issues

-social issues

-personal issues

-environmental issues

What are social issues?

decisions based on scientific evidence affect people (e.g. should alcohol be banned (to prevent health issues ))

What are personal issues?

some decisions will affect individuals (wind farms being built near people's houses)

What is a representational model?

simplified description or picture of what's going on in real life

What is a computational model?

A model that uses computers to make simulations of complex real life processes (such as climate change)

What is a systematic error?

if a measurement is wrong by the same amount every time

What are random errors?

unpredictable differences caused by things like human errors in measuring

How do you calculate uncertainty?

-the range divided by 2

-use a plus minus symbol

What should you do when measuring liquids?

Read the volume from the bottom of the meniscus

What can you use to measure liquids?

-Pipettes

-Burettes (for titration)

-Measuring cylinders

What does litmus paper do in different conditions?

Litmus paper turns red in acidic conditions and blue in basic conditions

What should you do if using dangerous equipment?

If using dangerous gases in an experiment, carry out the experiment in a fume hood

What can you use to measure gas?

-Using a gas syringe

-Displacing water from a measuring cylinder

-This is less accurate than a gas syringe as some gases can dissolve in water

How do you displace water from a measuring cylinder?

-Fill a measuring cylinder with water, and carefully place it upside down in a container of water

-Record the initial level of the water in the measuring cylinder

-Position a delivery tube coming from the reaction vessel so it's inside the measuring cylinder, pointing upwards

-Any gas produced will pass through the delivery tube and into the measuring cylider

-As the gas enters the measuring cylinder, water is pushed out

-Record the level of water in the measuring cylinder and use this value to calculate the volume of gas produced