AP1 chemistry study cards

Positive feedback

enhances and speeds up the original stimulus

Negative feedback

reverses a change to bring the system back to homeostasis

Visceral

covers the internal organs

Parietal

covers the cavity

Identity of an atom is determend by the number of.., which are the same as the atomic number

Protons

What are the basic identifiable and unique substances that we are made of

Elements

An electrons charge is

negative

what makes up the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

what orbits the nucleus of an atom?

electrons

ions that have gained an electron are called?

an anion

Atoms whose number of neutrons is not the same as the number of protons.

isotope

Non polar convalent bond

when 2 atoms share at least one electron equally

Cation

An atom that loses an electron and has a positive charge

Polar covalent bond

when 2 atoms share at least one electron but on has a stronger attraction, leading to unequal sharing

an atom that has given away or gained an electron is referred to as

An ion

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the energy required to start the reaction without undergoing any permanent changes itself

a catalyst

a chemical reaction that uses or absorbs energy

endergonic reaction

a chemical reaction that releases energy that it absorbs

exergonic reaction

a reaction when 2 components combine to create a larger molecule

Synthesis

when water breaks the covalent bond, which hold together 2 monomers, it is reffered to as a… reaction

Hydrolysis

ions that when dissolved in water conduct electricity

electrolytes

an organic compound contains

carbon and hydrogen

when human blood pH is over 7.45

Alkalosis

when human blood pH is below 7.35-7.45

acidosis

consists of a single proton, no neutrons, and a single electron

Hydrogen

a complex protein molecule thart acts as a catalyst to aid bichemical reactions

enzyme

mixture that is like a heavy solution, the solute particles consist of timy clumps of molecules alrge enough to make the liquid mixture opaque

colloid

solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base, can neutralze small amounts of acids or bases in body fluids

buffer

strong acid pH scale

closest to 0

indigestible and plant based

cellulose

digestible and plant based

starches

most common forms of lipids in our diet and in the body

triglycerides

the most important aspect of a protien molecule for its function is

its shape

modified fatty acids that signal molecules that function in regulation of pain, inflammation, and blood pressure

prostaglandins

we store carbs in our muscles in the form of

glycogen