Korean Grammar Patterns Overview

Vocabulary-style flashcards summarizing each Korean grammar pattern mentioned in the lecture notes.

N(이)라고 하다

Used to state what someone or something is called; often for introducing one’s own name (e.g., “저는 마리코라고 합니다” – I am called Mariko).

V-(으)려고

Expresses intention or purpose: “in order to V,” “planning to V” (e.g., 운동하려고 – in order to exercise).

V-거나

Connective meaning “or”; lists alternative actions or states (e.g., 쉬거나 친구를 만나요 – rest or meet a friend).

N(이)나

Indicates choice between two or more nouns, “either N or …”; can also soften suggestions (e.g., 부산이나 제주도 – Busan or Jeju).

V-는 것

Nominalizer that turns a verb clause into a noun phrase meaning “the act of V-ing / what is V-ed” (e.g., 운동하는 것을 좋아해요 – I like exercising).

V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다 / 모르다

Means “to know how / not know how to V” or familiarity with an ability (e.g., 수영을 전혀 할 줄 몰라요 – I don’t know how to swim at all).

V-(으)ㄴ N

Past-tense attributive form describing a noun with a completed action: “N that (someone) V-ed” (e.g., 어제 본 영화 – the movie (I) watched yesterday).

V/A-지 않다

Standard formal negation: “not V / not be A” (e.g., 고기를 별로 좋아하지 않아요 – I don’t really like meat).

V-아/어 보다

Expresses trying or experiencing something: “to try V-ing / have ever V-ed” (e.g., 제주도에 가 봤어요 – I’ve been to Jeju Island).

N 동안

Means “for / during N”; specifies a time span or duration (e.g., 한 달 동안 – for a month).

A-(으)ㄴ데

Clause-ending for adjectives giving background, contrast, or soft lead-in: “but/and…” (e.g., 날씨가 좋은데… – The weather is nice, so/but…).

V-는데

Clause-ending for verbs with the same background or contrast meaning: “but/and…” (e.g., 음악회를 하는데… – They’re having a concert, so/but…).

N인데

Clause-ending for nouns functioning like “but/and…” or to give background (e.g., 내일 휴일인데… – Tomorrow’s a holiday, so/but…).

V-(으)ㄹ N

Future/prospective attributive: describes a noun with an action that will occur, “N that will V / N to V” (e.g., 줄 선물 – a gift to give (to a friend)).