Which nursing intervention is an example of primary prevention? A. Encouraging mammograms B. Providing immunizations to prevent disease C. Treating hypertension with medication D. Managing complications of diabetes,Providing immunizations to prevent disea

Health Promotion

Preventing disease and encouraging wellness through education, screenings, and interventions.

Health

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

Wellness

A proactive process of adopting healthy habits for lifelong health.

Disease

A condition with identifiable symptoms affecting body function.

Illness

A person's subjective experience of poor health.

Primary Prevention

Preventing disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccines, nutrition counseling).

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and treatment of disease (e.g., screenings, mammograms).

Patient Education

Helping patients understand their conditions and make informed healthcare decisions.

Motivation to Learn

A patient's readiness to absorb and apply health knowledge.

Teaching

A structured approach to educating patients about their health.

Learning

The process of acquiring knowledge and skills.

Learning Outcomes

What the patient is expected to know or do after education.

Culture

Shared beliefs, values, and practices that influence health behaviors.

Enculturation

Learning one's native culture.

Acculturation

Adopting aspects of another culture while maintaining one's own.

Assimilation

Full adoption of a new culture.

Biculturalism

Functioning within two cultural identities.

Ethnicity

Shared cultural identity such as traditions and language.

Race

A social construct used to classify individuals based on physical traits.

Technology & Informatics

The use of digital tools to improve patient care, documentation, and communication.

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

A digital record of a patient's health information across settings.

Electronic Medical Record (EMR)

A digital patient record used within a single facility.

Personal Health Record (PHR)

A patient-controlled health record.

Clinical Decision Support (CDS)

Computer systems that assist with diagnosis and treatment.

Telehealth

Remote patient care using video calls or monitoring technology.

Development

Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial growth throughout life.

Functional Ability

How well a person can perform activities of daily living.

Physical Growth

Increase in body size and physical functioning.

Differentiation

Process by which cells and tissues become specialized.

Maturation

Process of becoming fully developed physically, emotionally, and cognitively.

Development Level

Position of an individual in the sequence of development.

Developmental Milestone

Age-specific tasks most children can complete within a range.

Developmental Delay

Failure to meet expected developmental levels.

Developmental Regression

Loss of previously acquired developmental skills.

Global Developmental Delay

Lag in all areas of development.

Freud's Psychosexual Theory

Development based on pleasure-seeking energies in body zones.

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

Development based on psychosocial conflicts across the lifespan.

Piaget's Cognitive Theory

Development based on stages of cognitive ability.

Sensorimotor Stage

Learning through senses and actions (0-2 years).

Preoperational Stage

Symbolic thinking and egocentrism (2-7 years).

Concrete Operational Stage

Logical thinking and understanding conservation (7-11 years).

Formal Operational Stage

Abstract reasoning and problem-solving (12+ years).

Safety in Nursing

Preventing errors and reducing harm in healthcare.

Adverse Event

Injury caused by medical care, not the patient's condition.

Just Culture

Focus on learning from mistakes rather than punishment.

Near Miss

Event that could have caused harm but did not.

Sentinel Event

Serious safety event resulting in death or permanent harm.

Diagnostic Error

Error related to incorrect or delayed diagnosis.

Treatment Error

Error occurring during treatment or procedures.

Preventive Error

Failure in preventive measures like screenings.

Communication Error

Miscommunication among providers or with patients.

Error of Commission

Error caused by doing something that should not have been done.

Error of Omission

Error caused by failing to do something that should have been done.

Execution Error

Error where the plan is not carried out as intended.

Latent Error

System-based error that increases risk.

Active Error

Direct provider action that results in harm.

Comprehensive Assessment

Complete health history and full physical exam.

Focused Assessment

Assessment targeting a specific problem.

Emergency Assessment

Rapid assessment to maintain life in urgent situations.

ADPIE

Nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

Risk for Falls

NANDA diagnosis related to increased risk of falling.

Global Delay

Lag in all areas of development.

Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development

Focuses on stages of development based on pleasure-seeking energies in different body zones.

Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development

Emphasizes psychosocial challenges across the lifespan.

Inferiority (School Age)

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)

Integrity vs. Despair (Older Adulthood)

Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

Describes cognitive development through four stages.

Sensorimotor (0-2 years)

Learning through senses and actions.

Preoperational (2-7 years)

Symbolic thinking and egocentrism.

Concrete Operational (7-11 years)

Logical thinking and understanding conservation.

Formal Operational (12+ years)

Abstract reasoning and problem-solving.

Safety in healthcare

Prevents errors, reduces risks, and ensures high-quality care.

Transparency in Healthcare

Open discussion of safety errors to improve care.

Diagnostic Errors

Errors related to incorrect or delayed diagnosis.

Treatment Errors

Errors during treatment or procedures.

Preventive Errors

Failures in preventive measures, such as screenings or check-ups.

Communication Errors

Miscommunication among healthcare providers or with patients.

Commission Errors

Errors that occur because of actions taken that should not have been done.

Omission Errors

Errors that occur due to failure to do something that should have been done.

Execution Errors

Errors that occur when a plan is not carried out as intended.

Adverse Event (Level of Errors)

Harm occurs to the patient due to medical intervention.

Near Miss (Level of Errors)

An event that could have caused harm but did not.

Sentinel Event (Level of Errors)

A severe event resulting in death, permanent harm, or significant temporary harm.

Latent Errors

System-based errors that are less visible but increase risk.

Active Errors

Direct actions by healthcare providers that result in harm.

Foundational Domains for Error Prevention (IHI)

Emphasis on safety and accountability.

Nursing Process (ADPIE)

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.

Health Promotion

Preventing disease and encouraging wellness through education, screenings, and interventions.

Health

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

Wellness

A proactive process of adopting healthy habits for lifelong health.

Disease

A condition with identifiable symptoms affecting body function.

Illness

A person's subjective experience of poor health.

Primary Prevention

Preventing disease before it occurs (e.g., vaccines, nutrition counseling).

Secondary Prevention

Early detection and treatment of disease (e.g., screenings, mammograms).

Patient Education

Helping patients understand their conditions and make informed healthcare decisions.

Motivation to Learn

A patient's readiness to absorb and apply health knowledge.

Teaching

A structured approach to educating patients about their health.