Anatomy and Physiology 2 Exam 3 Practice

What structures are used by both the respiratory and digestive systems?

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

The involuntary, rhythmic activities that deliver and remove respiratory gasses are regulated in the

Brainstem

Which statement accurately describes alveolar exchange of oxygen?

Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus had a higher partial pressure of oxygen

Oxygen diffuses from the alveolus to the blood because the alveolus has a lower partial pressure of oxygen the alveolar cell that allows rapid diffusion of gasses is

Alveolar type l cell

Tracheal cartilages C-shape provide for flexibility on the posterior side of the trachea for swallowing.

True

Air flows into the body during inspiration because

Atmospheric pressure is greater than intrapulmonary pressure in the lungs.

The root of the lung

is where the bronchi and pulmonary vessels pass into the lung

Forced expiratory volume 1 or (FEV1) is total amount of air

expired in 1 second after fully inhaling

The amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal breath is the

Expiratory reserve volume

Which of the following has the lowest partial pressure of CO2?

The alveoli

is the amount of air that moves into and out of the lungs with each breath, also called quiet breathing.

Tidal Volume

The female voice tends to be in a higher range than a male's voice because females have

Thinner vocal folds

What structure prevents food and drink from enter the trachea?

Uvula

What part of the respiratory system is mucus eventually moved to by ciliated columnar epithelium to be swallowed?

Pharynx

If a segmental bronchi is obstructed, the entire lobe of the lung no longer performs proper gas exchange

False

Fluid buildup in the alveoli is a disease called

Pneumonia

Which reaction involving CO2 predominates within erythrocytes in the pulmonary capillaries around the alveoli of the lung?

H2, CO3, dissociates into CO2, and H2O

About 70% (most) of the CO2 that diffuses into systemic capillaries

Forms carbonic acid and bicarbonate

All are true of bronchoconstriction except

Opens airways.

Which region of the nasal cavity contains smell receptors?

Olfactory region

Which of the following is not part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system?

Respiratory bronchiole

All of the following have cartilage supporting their structure except

Bronchioles

Branches of the hepatic artery and branches of the portal vein merge together in sinusoids of hepatic lobules.

True

Which region of the digestive tract moves material by all three of the following: peristalsis, haustral churning, and mass movement?

Large intestine

Accumulation of large amounts of adipose tissue (fat) occurs in the ______ .It is part of the mesentery and is commonly called the "beer belly"

Greater Omentum

Bile and pancreatic juices enter the Gi tract at what location?

Duodenum of small intestines

The term retroperitoneal may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means such organs are located

Posterior to the parietal peritoneum

In the crypts of the small intestine, what type of Stomach cell protects stem cells by producing antimicrobial Small intestine substances.

Paneth cells

Which secretory cell of the stomach has endocrine function and secretes gastrin to increase stomach motility and production of gastric juice?

G-cell

Food is normally prevented from entering the nasopharynx by the uvula.

True

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from tissue back to the liver? It is also called good cholesterol.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Wavelike movement that propels food through the Gi tract is called

Peristalsis

Which organ is not part of the GI tract but is instead an accessory Organ?

Pancreas

The specialized part of the nervous system that participates in digestion and operates independently of the central nervous system (GNS) is called the...

Enteric nervous system

Which organ of the Gil tract has 3 muscle layers in the muscularis externa instead of two?

Stomach

Most saliva is produced by the ____ gland

Submandibular

Chewed food mixed with saliva is called a _______, which is swallowed once mastication
is complete.

Bolus

Which cell in the stomach produces HCL? The drug Nexium prevents heartburn by targeting this cell.

Parietal cell

Enteroendocrine cells of the intestines secrete CCK (cholecystokinin) to decrease stomach activity.

True

Which phase of stomach regulation is initiated by somatic senses such as smelling food?

Cephalic phase

Which phase of swallowing is regulated by somatic motor? You use the tongue to push the bolus towards the oropharynx.

Voluntary phase

Cellulose from plants does not get absorbed into the body but it does aid in the movement of material in the GI track. Cellulose is a type of _____

Fiber

A nonessential amino acid

Can be made within the body

Bile is concentrated and stored in this organ.

Gallbladder

Which is true of the absorptive state?

Insulin is secreted

Macromolecules can be converted to another type of macromolecule. This is termed

Interconversion

The bacteria H. Pylori is associated with

Peptic ulcers

Which macromolecule is the starting material for bile salts.

Cholesterol

The basal metabolic rate is the measure of energy used while at rest.

True

The amine group that is removed from an amino acid within a hepatocyte is converted to urea and eliminated as part of urine.

True

Starches are

Polysaccharides only

The liver can add glucose to the polysaccharide glycogen. This is called ____.

Glycogenesis

Lacteals

Absorb the products of fat digestion and are located in villi

Plant proteins are always complete proteins.

False

Where is cholesterol mostly synthesized?

Liver

Lactose intolerant individuals don't make enough of what enzyme?

Lactase

Fat soluble vitamins are easily removed via urinary system.

False

True or False: The internal anal sphincter is consciously controlled by the somatic motor nervous system when defecating.

False