CompTIA A+ CORE 1 | SERIES 220-1201

Types of laptop battery configs

Modular and integrated

Types of laptop batteries

Lithium-ion and Lithium-ion polymer

Most common components

Keyboard and single ribbon cable

Laptop memory module

SO-DIMM (Small Outline Dual In-line Memory Module)

types of storage medium

Magnetic Disk (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)

Magnetic disk

Spinning drive platter, 2.5” form factor, 3.5” for desktop

Sollid State Drive (SSD)

no moving parts, fast access, less latency, 2.5”

Laptop wireless network connectivity

802.11, integrated into motherboard, wrap at top of screen

802.11

Local area network, high speed, internet access

Bluetooth

Personal area network, short range, high speed comms, connect peripherals & other nearby devices, 802.11, 2.4 GHz

Biometrics

config in OS

Near field communication NFC

mobile phones and smart watches, used for payment methods, short range network functions, data transfer or authentication

Webcam

built-in camera and mic, audio and video with special drivers, accessible from multimedia apps

Use of mobile devices

sync, connectivity, backup, identification

USB

Universal Serial Bus, high speed wired comms, charging and data transfer.

USB-C and uses

24 pin double sided usb connector, display port, HDMI, Thunderbolt

Lighting and uses

8 pin digital signal, apple legacy devices, high power output, simple design

NFC

send small amount of data wirelessly over limited area

Hotspot

use phone as WiFi hotspot to connect multiple devices to one phone

Tethering

personal wireless router with one device connected to one phone

Stylus

pens for mobile devices, bluetooth connected, pressure sensitive, programmable buttons, must be compatible with device

Headset

hands free audio, wired connection with USB on laptop and 3.5 mm tip ring ring sleeve jack

Speakers

battery powered mobile audio, wireless with bluetooth link and stereo sound

Docking station

external keyboard and mouse that extends existing laptop interfaces, adds functions, desktop adapter cards, avoids cables

Port replicator

similar to docking station with no expansion card option and connects using USB

Trackpad

tight working area with laptops to replace mouse, battery and bluetooth options

Drawing Pad

external input using stylus, third party device with support for many OS

3G Network

several MB/s with bandwidth improvement in GPS, mobile TV, video on demand and confrencing

4G and LTE

Long term evolution based on Global System for Mobile Comms (GSMC) and Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), download rate of 150 MB/s

5G

Modern mobile network with 10 GB/s, less bandwidth, large data transfers, faster monitoring and notification, additional cloud processing

WiFi

Local 802.11 network for data access to email and internet, high speed, requires local access point and limited distance, supported by carrier and available without coverage

Subscriber Identity Module

Unique id for cellular devices with tiny physical card that contains ID, phone number, cell network info, and storage for contacts

eSIM

similar to SIM but integrated into mobile device

Bluetooth pairing

built-in security with pin verification

GPS

created by DoD, relies on 30 satelites in orbit, gives precise navigation through: longitude, latitude, altitude, and time difference

Corporate Owned Personally Enabled

COPE, company buys device for employee to use as corporate and personal device

Choose Your Own Device

CYOD, choice of device is done by user

Policy Enforcement

Uses MDM for central configuration of corporate email, account details, server address, and communication methods

2FA

Requires authentication types such as biometrics and pseudorandom authentication apps

Corporate Applications

allow or restrict app install and prevent unauthorized app usage

Data sync 

based on data rates and used for backup and recovery

Types of data

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Data Protocol (UDP), OSI layer 4 (transport)

Multiplexing

Using many different applications at the same time

Ethernet payload

IP and IP Payload {TCP & TCP Payload}, TCP Payload {http payload}

TCP

Connection based with HTTPS and SSH, uses acknowledgement, has error recovery, and reorders data and transmissions

UDP

connectionless, no acknowledgement, no error recovery or reordering of data and transmissions,

Connectionless protocols

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

Port number

specific receiving location within IP address

IPv4

Server IP address and client IP address

Server IP address

Protocol and server application port number

Client IP address

Protocol and client port number

Non-ephemeral port

Permanent port numbers 0 - 1023, usually on a server

Ephemeral port

Temporary port number 1024 - 65535, determined by client in real time

Web server

TCP/80

VoIP

UDP/5004

Email server

TCP/143

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

TCP/20 for active mode data and TCP/21 for control, transfers files between systems with authentication using username and password, full feature function

Secure Shell

TCP/22, encrypted comms link

Telnet

TCP/23, telecoms network, login to device remotely for console access, in the clear comms

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SMTP, TCP/25 for server to server email transfer and device to mail server

Domain Name System

DNS, UDP/53 for converting name to IP and vice versa, multiple systems available

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DHCP, UDP/67 and UDP/68 for auto config and assignment of IP address in real time from pool with lease and renewal,

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Reservation

DHCP assigned by MAC address in DHCP server and managed from one location

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

HTTP, TCP/80 for web server comms

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure

HTTPS, TCP/443 for web server comms using encryption

Post Office Protocol Version 3

POP3, TCP/110 for basic mail transfer functions

Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4

IMAP4, TCP/143 for management of email inbox from multiple clients

Server Message Block

SMB, UDP/137 for NetBIOS name service, TCP/139 for NetBIOS session service, used for file sharing, printer sharing, and Common Internet File System (CIFS), TCP/445 for SMB comms over TCP without NetBIOS

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

LDAP, TCP/389 for store and retrieve info in network directory and microsoft active directory

Remote Desktop Protocol

RDP, TCP/3389 for sharing desktop from remote location to control entire computer and applications

DNS server

Distributed naming system, load balance across servers, managed by ISP

File share

Central storage of documents, SMB, Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)

Print Server

Connect printer to network with software on computer or built-in to printer, uses SMB, Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), or Line Printer Daemon (LPD)

Mail Server

Store incoming mail, send outgoing mail, managed by ISP

SYSLOG

Standard message logging, integrated into SIEMs

Authentication Server

Authentication, authorization, accounting server with login

Database Server

Database table storage of columns and rows for relational DB using SQL

NTP Server

Network Time Protocol uses encryptions and logins for backups and log timestamps

SPAM gateways

Stop unsolicited email, onsite and cloud based

All In One Security Appliance

Next gen firewall with Unified Threat Management (UTM), includes URL filter with malware, content & spam inspection, acts as router/switch, firewall, and VPN endpoint

Load Balancer

Distributes load across multiple servers that is invisible to users, large scale implementation not affected by server outages

Proxy server

intermediate server, handles client request to proxy which performs request and sends back results, access control usage

SCADA/ICS

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system, Industrial Control System

Legacy system

Old system that is still important

Embedded system

Purpose built device with direct access to OS, alarm system, door security, time card system

IOT

Includes appliances, smart devices, air control, & access

802.11ac

WiFi 5

802.11ax

WiFi 6/WiFi 6e

802.11be

WiFi 7

DNS config in terminal

dig on Linux, nslookup on windows

Resource records

database records of domain name services, 30 record types

Address records

AAAA, defines IP address of host

Canonical name records

CNAME, name is alias of another canonical name, one physical server, multiple services

Mail exchanger record

MX, determines host name for mail server

Text records

human readable text info, used in verification and email security

Domain Keys Identified Mail

DKIM, digitally sign domain outgoing mail, validated by mail server, public key is in text record

Sender Policy Framework

SPF, Protocol that lists all servers authorized to send email for a domain, prevents mail spoofing, performs check to see if incoming mail is from authorized host

Domain Message Authentication Reporting and Conformance

DMARC prevents unauthorized email spoofing, extension of SPF and DKIM

DORA

Discover DHCP server, get an offer, lock in offer, DHCP server configuration

DCHP scope

predefined list of ip addresses that can be assigned