[UTS] Psychological Self

Psychology

studying MIND and BEHAVIOR of human person: biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that may affect  HOW person think, act, and feel

COGNITIVE perspective 

• thinking

• giving the ability  to person’s thoughts and beliefs

AFFECTIVE perspective  

• feeling

• giving the ability  to person’s  feeling and emotion

the self as “I” (I-self)

the person as knower

• thoughts or the self knower

  • A. a sense of being agent, initiator of behavior

  • B. a sense of being unique (ikaw na, mahilig magkompara…tandaan natin ako ito…tayo ito

  • C. a sense of continuity

  • D. a sense of being aware

the self as “Me” (Me-self)

• the person that is known

• is the experienced self, or the self as known (object)

• understanding the self can be:

  • 1. the feeling and emotions they arouse-self feeling(complacency and dissatisfaction)

  • 2. the actions to which they prompt- self seeking and self preservation

William James

• Pragmatic, American philosopher and psychologist, the 1^st educator who offers a psychology course in the United States- the Father of American psychology

• “the consciousness of the self”

  • A man’s (woman) self is the sum total of all that he can call his, not only his body and his psychic powers, but also his clothes, his wife, and children, ancestors and friends, reputation, and works, his lands and horses, and bank account”

[3] Sub categories of the ME self

1. Material Self

2. Social Self

3. Spiritual Self

1. Material Self

• Body, clothes, immediate family, and home that we are attached more deeply thus, we are most most affected because of the effort and time we give to  things we have.

• “the soul, body, and the clothes” as old saying about human person….

2. Social Self

• A man’s social self is a recognition once gets from others. the innate propensity to get ourselves  noticed and be noticed by our kind.

• Our interactions with other and society and perhaps  mga anak, it can be also our reaction of people towards us: heterogenous divergences or discovering other versions of ourselves.  This may vary on how we present ourselves to particular social groups (multiple self)

Spiritual Self

• This is the most intimate since this belongs to the man’s inner subjective being!.  it satisfies for the person from moral standard,

• conscience, and the will to believe. 

DONALD WINNICOOT

• states that the self that we have composed: the True self  and the false self. He further argued that the function of the false self is to hide and protect the true self. 

• the self can be changed depending on circumstances/situation…

Carl Rogers

• An American psychologist and among humanistic approach to psychology founder.

• He used the “person-centered therapy”, a non-directive intervention that all people have the potential to solve ones problems. 

• People must be honest with themselves to discover themselves….

Carl Rogers

• He says that as human person we have our very own “self image as a person”

• The self develops from interaction with significant people and self awareness, he further says that human beings are always striving for self fulfillment-self actualization…

• “Self concept changes” flexible depending on the experiences as we get along…

William James

SELF = the sum total of all we can call ours, the experienced phenomena and who has known  the situation

The perceived self

• Self-worth

• how the person sees one’s self and others sees them

The Real self

• Self image

• who really I am

The Ideal self

How the person would like to be

Thomas Kuhn

• investigated the self-image in terms of:

  • Social roles (external or objective aspects of oneself such as son, teacher, friend)

  • Personality traits (internal or affective aspects of oneself such as gregarious, impatient, humorous etc.,).

Physical Description

“I’m tall, have black eyes, brown hair”...etc.

Social Role

“I’m a student, housewife, basketball player, teacher”… etc.

Personal Traits

“I’m impulsive...I’m generous...I tend to worry a lot”...etc.

Existential Statements (abstract ones)

Young people describe themselves in terms of personal traits, while older people are more on social roles.

Example: "I’m a child of the universe”, "I’m a human being", "I’m a spiritual being"...etc.

SELF –ESTEEM

the value we attached to our self, also known as self worth.

High self-esteem

positive view of self (self compassion and self acceptance)

• Confidence in our own abilities

• Self-acceptance

• Not worrying about what others think

• Optimism

Low self-esteem

negative view of self

• Lack of confidence

• Want to be/look like someone else

• Always worrying what others might think

• Pessimism

[3] Factors that influence Self-esteem

1. Reaction of others

2. Comparison with others/ Identity

3. Social roles

Reaction of others

• the good and bad reactions of people about us.

• Ex. Admire us, enjoyed our company, listen to us, agree with us- this will lead to us to have a positive self-image which in turn increase our self-esteem.

Comparison with others/ Identity

If the people who are always associate with us because we are in the same level and when they are more successful than us, we tend to develop a negative self-image. On the contrary, If we are more successful than them, we develop positive self- image.

Social roles

prestigious roles like doctor, pilot, managers, men in uniform,  they  promote  high  self-esteem.  The  opposite like a  prisoner, mental hospital patient, or unemployed will promote negative self-image.

Molecular Mechanism

how inherited genes are affected by chemical attachments that may go back one or more generations ago