DIETARY CALCULATIONS & NUTRIONAL ASSESSMENT

DBW OF 6 MONTHS OLD BABY

6600 g

DBW OF 9 MONTHS OLD BABY

7.5 kg or 8 kg

DBW OF 8 YEAR OLD CHILD

24 kg

DBW & DBW RANGE OF 45 YEAR OLD MALE, 5’4 TALL FILIPINO

56.30 kg DBW
50.67 kg - 61.93 kg

DBW & DBW RANGE OF 6’3, NON-FILIPINO 40 YEARS OLD

90.5 kg DBW
81.45 kg - 99.55 kg

BMI OF 5’3 FT. & 50 KG

19.5 kg/m²
WHO normal

ASIA-PACIFIC normal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF 4 MONTHS OLD

513 kcal or 500 kcal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF 8 MONTHS OLD

560 kcal or 550 kcal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF 7 YEAR OLD CHILD (REF: NARRINS & WEIL)

1700 kcal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF 7 YEAR OLD CHILD WITH 22 KG DBW

TABLE

AGE RANGE Kcal/DBW

1-3 80

4-6 75

7-9 65

10-12 65 (boys)

55 (girls)

1430 kcal or 1450 kcal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF 54 KG, TYPIST (REF: NDAP FORMULA)

1890 kcal or 1900 kcal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF MALE 50 KG; 175 CM; 18 YEAR OLD (REF: HARRIS BENDICT)

1507.47 kcal or 1500 kcal

TOTAL CALORIE/DAY OF FEMALE 50 KG; 175 CM; 18 YEAR OLD (REF: HARRIS BENDICT)

1372.79 kcal or 1350 kcal

CALCULATION GET DBW, CARBOHYDRATE, PROTEIN, & FAT

1900 kcal; 305 g CHO; 70 g PRO; 40 g FAT

Nutritional status

is the state of health of an

individual as it relates to how the diet could meet the

daily nutrient requirement (Guthrie & Beerman,

2013)

nutritional assessment

is “an evaluation of the

nutritional status of individuals and populations

through measurements of food and nutrient

intake and evaluation of nutrition-related health

indicators” (Lee, R, 2004).

nutritional screening

“is the process of identifying

characteristics which are associated with nutrition

problems”. The purpose of this is to

pinpoint individuals who are at risk to become

malnourished.

Nutritional Survey, Nutrition Surveillance, Nutrition Screening

TYPES OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS

nutritional survey

an epidemiological investigation

of the nutritional status of the population by various

methods; may include an evaluation of factors

affecting nutritional status. One-time assessment for

6 months of baseline monitoring.

Nutrition Surveillance

continuous monitoring

of the nutritional status of selected population

groups.

nutritional screening

involves comparing an

individual’s measurements with predetermined risk

levels of “cut-off” points. Usually less comprehensive

than survey or surveillance. Useful in identifying

individuals in need of immediate intervention.

Operation Timbang collects only age and weight data,

targets only preschoolers, and is used to screen

children for inclusion in food assistance programs.

anthropometry, biochemical, clinical, dietary

FOUR METHODS OFTEN USED TO ASSESS NUTRITIONAL STATUS

anthropometry

means “measurement of the human

body” . It is identified as the measurements of

variations of the physical dimensions and gross

composition of the human body at different age levels

and degrees of nutrition (Jeliffe, 1989)

length

measured with the subject lying down, usually for

infants and children up to two (2) years who cannot

stand without assistance

stature

assess the linear dimension of the body composed

of the legs, pelvis, spine, and skull.

weight

one of the most important

measures for nutritional assessment. It is the sum

of the protein, fat, water, and bone mineral mass;

therefore, changes in these components could

affect body weight such as in acute or chronic

illness

head circumference

is an important measure to screen

abnormalities of head and brain

growth, particularly during the first

year of life

head and chest circumference

are the same at six months of age.

After this, the skull grows slowly and

the chest grows more rapidly

mid-upper arm circumference / MUAC

has been mainly used for

children 1-6years old. Between 1-4

years, “reference values” change

little, the age need not be accurately

known

Shakir’s tape

is a coded tape that measures MUAC and

identifies the risk of malnutrition

among children

body composition

provides an estimate of the body’s

reserves for fat, protein, water, and several minerals. This can be assessed by direct method for body composition analysis

direct method, indirect method

2 METHODS OF BODY COMPOSITION

direct method

there is only one direct method for body composition analysis.

indirect method

estimate body composition using

biochemical assessment

Many of the routine blood and urine laboratory tests found in patients’

charts are useful in providing an objective assessment of nutritional

status.

clinical assessment

physical examination of an individual for signs

and symptoms suggestive of nutritional health and/or clinical pathology

24-hour food recall

In this method, the individual is asked by the

interviewer to report all foods and beverages consumed during the past 24

hours

Food Frequency Questionnaire / FFQ

is an easy form to follow, although it could be time-consuming, depending on the number of pages listing foods and beverages to study the food

habits and choices of a person.

Food records

These can provide a more realistic picture of a patient’s usual

intake. All food items, beverages, snacks, and supplements are

recorded by the patient, usually over a period of 3 to 7 days using

household measures.

diet history

is a method of dietary assessment that provides a comprehensive

picture of an individual’s usual food and beverage intake over a

long period (weeks to months).

Nutritional assessment

is the process of evaluating an

individual’s nutritional status through anthropometric,

biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods. It helps identify

deficiencies, excesses, or imbalances and guides

appropriate nutrition care and interventions to promote

health and prevent disease.

Arm Span

is measured

using a steel tape with the

arms spread in a horizontal

position and the length

across both ends of the

fingertips is recorded.

Knee Height

measured using a

sliding board-blade caliper by

placing the heel of the left foot on

the fixed blade and the movable

blade proximal to the knee cap

(patella).

Frame Size

is necessary for the accurate interpretation of

weight. This is usually measured using elbow breadth and

wrist circumference. Elbow breadth is measured using a caliper

with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees. Wrist circumference is

measured at the smallest part of the wrist distal to the styloid

process of the ulna and radius.

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference / MUAC

is used to screen for undernutrition among adults. It is also part of equations used in the calculation of Arm Muscle Area (AMA), which is an index of lean or muscle in the body

Waist circumference / WC

is a proxy indicator of body fat

distribution, specifically central adiposity. is measured using

fiberglass tape to measure the smallest circumference of the waist

or midway between the lowest rib and the iliac crest (WHO, 2011).

Waist/hip ratio / WHR

is also an indicator of body fat

distribution. This is measured at the largest circumference of the

hips or at the level of the greater trochanter. It can classify obesity

as gynoid or android (with ‘pear shape’ or ‘apple shape’ bodies,

respectively). The android type of obesity reflects more abdominal

fat and is correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and

related disorders

Waist-Height Ratio / WHtR

also considered as obesity index,

like WHR. The value is computed from waist circumference (cm)

divided by the height (cm), with a cut-off of greater 0.5 to indicate

an increased risk of CVD and co-morbidities.

Body composition

provides an estimate of the body’s

reserves for fat, protein, water, and several minerals. This can be assessed by direct method for body

composition analysis.

24-hour food recall, food frequency questionnaire, food records, diet history

DIETARY ASSESSMENTS (4)