module 1 - cells of the nervous system

label and define A

dendrite - short branched cytoplasmic processes of neuron extending from cell body, recieves information from other neurons via synapse on dendrite, are within the INPUT zone.

label and define B

cell body (soma) - houses organelles of the neuron, integrates the information received from input zone at the axon hillock, also within INPUT zone of neuron.

label and define C

axon - extension of nerve fiber from soma that conducts electrical impulse towards end of neuron. this impulse triggers the neuron to release neurotransmitters.

label and define D

myelin - formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and by schwann cells in the PNS. myelin insulates the axon for a neuron and allows for faster conduction of electrical impulses down the neuron.

label and define E

synapse - forms between two neurons, where information in the form of neurotransmitters is exchanged. synaptic cleft forms between the pre synaptic neuron and the post synaptic neuron, where neurotransmitters can bind to the receptors on post synaptic membrane from the pre synaptic neuron. 

label and define F 

post synaptic cell - receives neurotransmitters from presynaptic neuron. then, this neuron can decide if it wants to share these neurotransmitters to other neurons. 

compare and contrast multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons

multipolar neurons have multiple dendrites which can increase the surface area for synapsing. all 3 neurons has dendrites as axon zone & has axon terminals in the output zone - however, multipolar and bipolar neurons can ALSO use cell body as input zone. 

describe how neurotransmitters are released. 

dendrites of a neuron receive neurotransmitters from other neurons. if the neuron decides to transfer info, neuron becomes pre synaptic neuron and forms synapse with a post synaptic neuron. pre synaptic membrane releases neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft, then the neurotransmitters bind to the receptors on the post synaptic membrane. 

name the glial cell a part of the CNS responsible for creating myelin sheath for neurons in the brain and spinal cord

oligodendrocytes

name the glial cell apart of the PNS that is also responsible for creating myelin sheath for neurons in the brain and spinal cord

schwann cells

name the star shaped glial cell that is responsible for a variety of processes, playing a role in the blood brain barrier, protecting brain from harmful stuff and letting nutrients enter. 

astrocytes 

name the glial cell that removes pathogens and debris from injured or dead neurons in the NS

microglia