history flashcards

How many service personnel died in WW1?

8 million

How many people were injured in WW1?

20 million

When was the Spanish Flu Pandemic?

1918

How many died in the Spanish Flu Pandemic?

30 million died

When did the Victors meet in Versailles?

January 1919

What did the Victors do when they met in Versaille?

formed the treaty of versailles

What was the aim of the treaty of versailles?

aimed at developing a plan for the rebuilding of Europe and to ensure peace in the future

Who were the big 4?

David Llyod George (Britain), George Clemenceau (French), Woodrow Wilson (US) and Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

How were Germany treated in the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany got destroyed in the Treaty of Versailles

What were some terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany accepts blame for the war, had to pay reparations for the war (132 billion), Germany had their army reduced and they were not allowed to build new war machines. Lots of their land was taken away, and given to France

What were some general comments on the interwar years?

1920’s was generally a region of prosperity, with new optimism, social change and technological innovation

What happened in Australia in the interwar years?

1925- Ford General Motors est. in Aus

radio was created- one of the first broadcasting mediums

Indigenous people were still getting discriminated and segregated against

When was the Great Depression?

happened in 1929 when the New York stock market crashed, which led to a worldwide depression as many countries were dependent on the US

What were the effects of the Great Depression in Australia?

By 1932, 32% of Australians were unemployed

When was the League of Nations formed?

10 January 1920

Causes of WW2: Treaty of Versailles

imposed a series of harsh terms on Germany which devastated them politically and economically

Causes of WW2: Rise of Japanese Nationalism and Militarism

this happened due to the western powers rejection of the racial equality clause in the Treaty of Versailles

What is the racial equality clause?

A 1919 Japanese proposal for racial equality in the League of Nations, rejected due to opposition from Western countries li

Which countries attended the Paris Peace Conference?

nearly thirty nations, including the Allied powers, the neutral powers, and former Axis allies

Causes of WW2: Great Depression

Germany was hit hard by the Great Depression, and they were already struggling because of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

Causes of WW2: Failure of the League of Nations

was supposed to settle internationals disputes. The USA who was the main backer of the idea wasn’t apart of it. There was also no army to support and enforce decisions.

Causes of WW2: Rise of Dictators

across the world- fascism, militarism and communism rise to power. strong government controls and the use of military powers

Dictator in Russia

Stalin who was communist

Dictator in Germany

Hitler who was a fascist

Dictator in Italy

Mussolini who was a fascist

Dictator in Japan

Hideki Tojo who was a militarist and nationalist

what is the nazi party?

formed in 1921, full name the German Socialist Worker’s Party which is lead by Adolf Hitler

What are the nazi party’s ideologies?

German nationalism, anti-semitism and the idea of an aryan race who needed lebensraum- living space

were the nazi’s elected to power?

yes in 1933 hitler came to power

Japanese Nationalism

saw itself as the dominant nation in the Asian region, expanded territories in china and korea

what did hitler do once he came to power?

he violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by increasing army, reintroducing conscription and increasing weapon output

What happened in 1936.

germany invades the rhineland

what is the rhineland?

a strip of land inside Germany bordering on France, Belgium and the Netherlands

what happened in 1938?

germany annexed austria

what does annexed mean

When a country takes over and claims another land or territory as its own.

what did Britain and France do in attempt to stop germany?

Britain and France created a policy of appeasement, in where they gave hitler what he wanted to avoid war

policy of appeasement sept 1938

resulted in Germany taking the Sudetenland which had a population of about 3 million Germans from Czechoslovakia with permission from France and Britain

what happened in the beginning of 1939?

Germany invades the rest of Czechoslovakia

What happened in September 1939?

Germany invades Poland (prompts war). france and britain declare war on germany

what is the blitzberg (lightning war) tatic?

germany used coordinated air and land forces to quickly overwhelm their enemy

What happened by the end of september 1939?

Germany conquered Poland

what was the anti- aggression pact?

a treaty signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on August 23, 1939, a week before the start of World War II, saying that they wouldn’t fight and once Poland was captured they would share it

what generally happened in the first 2 years of the war?

germany was quite successful in their conquests

what happened between germany and france?

germany conquered france who surrendered in 1940

what was the battle of britain?

was where Germany bombed Britain from June 1940-May 1941 known as the blitz.

what happened during the blitz to germany?

Germany was heavily resisted, and then Germany turned to Russia

what was the siege of tobruk?

a prolonged siege of the town of tobruk in libya northern africa by German and Italian forces, primarily commanded by General Erwin Rommel, against a garrison of mostly Australian, British, and other Commonwealth forces. became known as rats of tobruk. 10 Apr 1941 – 27 Nov 1941

when did germany break the anti-agression pact with russia and why?

june 1941. they looked at russia as lebresaum for the 3rd reich as they hated communists

what is operation barbarossa?

was the invasion in russia. intially germany had great success getting close to moscow. however russia joined the allies and by 1945 27 millions russians were dead.

when did japan attack pearl harbour?

7/12/1941

what does the attack on pearl harbour do?

US, australia and netheralnds decalre war on japan

what happened in feb 1942?

singapore surrenederd to Japan, meaning the last british colony was australia

what happened in australia on the 19/2/1942?

Darwin bombing killed 250 people

Who else did Japan invade in 1942?

Invaded papua new guinea and australian troops helped drive Japan back

what was the 1939 national security act?

gave the australian government greater powers to quickly deal with war threats

what were some of the ways the 1939 national security act allowed the government to deal with war threats?

detained germans and italians living in Australia, rationing, blackouts, prioritising industrial work and recruiting women for factory work

hitler early life

He was born in 1889 in the Austrian village of Braunau. He dropped out of high school at 16 and went to Vienna to become an artist, but was rejected twice by the Vienna School of Art.

hitler during ww1

He enlisted in the German army in 1914 as a message runner on the Western Front and was wounded in October 1918. Hitler opposed the armistice, believing Germany should not have surrendered.

hitler and the beginnings of the nazi party

joined nazi party in 1919, and in 1921 july took over as leader

nazi party ideologies

He aimed to make Germany great again and believed in theories of German racial superiority and Jewish inferiority. He wanted to remove so-called "inferior" groups from society.

hitler rise to power in 1923

Hitler tried to seize power but was arrested and jailed, where he received favorable treatment.

hitler rise to power 1932

nazi’s were the largest party in parliament

hitler rise to power 1933

appointed chancellor

hitler rise to power 1934

made himself fuhrer (supreme ruler of germany) and started to implement his ideas

indigenous soliders in ww1

About 500 Indigenous soldiers enlisted. They served across the army, air force, and navy, receiving equal pay but still facing segregation, like being refused service in pubs.

indigenous soldiers ww2

3000 enlisted, paid ½ compared to others and had no access to veteran benefits. many are not formally recognized for their service

when did soviet troops enter berlin?

30 of april 1945

when was the atomic bomb dropped on hiroshima?

august 6th 1945

when did Japan surrender and the war end?

2 of september 1945

impacts of ww2: US and Australia

Australia formed closer ties with the US, who needed allies in the Pacific. This alliance led Australia to join the Vietnam War.

impacts of ww2: UN formed

the united nations was formed to prevent atrocities like ww2 ever happening again. this inspired the declaration of human rights.

Australia after WW2

threat of invasion caused lack of defence concerns. australia accepeted large numbers from across europe (italy, france etc). woman also moved into the workplace.