Chaoter 6 Bone tissue Bio

Number of bones in body

216

5 bone functions

Support, protection, movement, mineral/lipid storage, blood cell formation

Hematopoesis

Blood cell formation

Two major divisions of skeleton

Axial + appendicular

bones in axial

80

bones in appendicular

126

4 parts of appendicular

pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs

3 parts of axial

skull, thoracic cage, veterbal column

long bone examples

humerus, femur, metatarsal, metacarpal

long bone defining feature

shaft (diaphysis) and knobby ends (epiphysis)

yellow bone cavity

fatty tissue, lighten bone

short bone examples

carpal, tarsal

short bone defining feature

no epiphysis or diaphysis, cube shaped

flat bone examples

sternum, ribs, bowl shaped bones on brain

sesamoid bone examples

patella, foot sesamoids (ball of foot)

irregular bone examples

vertebrae, scapula

sutural bones

only in skull (flat bones)

2 types of bone markings

projections and depressions

projections

attachment sites for muscles or ligaments

depressions

where curvature is required, part of a joint

(grooves, tunnels)

tuberosity

rounded projection (projection muscle)

crest

narrow prominent ridge (projection muscle)

trochanter

large, blunt, irregular surface (projection muscle)

line

narrow ridge (projection muscle)

tubercle

small, rounded projection (projection muscle)

epicondyle

raised area above a condyle (projection muscle)

spine

sharp, slender projection (projection muscle)

process

any bony prominence (projection muscle)

head

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck (projection joint)

facet

smooth, slightly bowl-shaped articular surface (projection joint)

condyle

rounded articular projection (projection joint)

ramus

arm like bar of bone (projection joint)

groove

shallow or deep furrow (depression)

fissure

narrow, slit-like opening (depression)

foramen

round or oval opening through a bone (depression)

notch

indentation at the edge of a structure (depression)

meatus

canal like passageway (depression)

sinus

cavity with a bone; filled with air and lined with mucus (depression)

fossa

shallow, basin-like depression in bone

hydroxyapatite

calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide

hydroxyapatite location

bone matrix

matrix proportions

1/3 organic (collagen), 2/3 inorganic (hydroxyapatite)

lucane

pockets in the matrix where osteocytes are

osteocyte location

lucane

periosteum

outside surface membrane on bone (isolates bone)

endosteum

inner bone lining

active during bone growth

where calcium is deposited and reabsorbed

osteoblasts

make new bone

osteoclasts

break apart bone into calcium in blood stream for osteoblasts to use

blood calcium %

rise or fall above 30% = death (to you)

osteoprogenitor cells

stem cells that make blast or clast

compact bone compostition

densely packed hydroxyapatite

osteons

compact bone; organization of tubular structures

basic structural unit of bone

central canal

dark middle/central part of osteon

central canal function

passageway for blood vessels and nerves

canaliculi

small channels that connects lacunae of different layers and central canals

interstitial lamellae

hard lamellar material between tubular osteons that help secure osteons together