Physics - Density and Pressure

Density

The mass of a substance divided by its volume; a measure of how much matter is packed into a given space

Pressure

The force exerted per unit area on a surface

Causes of pressure

Gases, liquids, solids

Mass

The amount of matter in an object

Measuring of mass

Grams or kilograms

Volume

The amount of space that a substance occupies

Measurement of volume

Liters or cubic meters

Fluids

A substance that can flow and take the shape of its container; includes liquids and gases

Buoyancy

The ability of an object to float in a fluid

Determination of buoyancy

The density of the object compared to the density of the fluid

Hydrostatic

Relating to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest, often used in the context of liquids

Gauge Pressure

The pressure relative to atmospheric pressure, measured using a gauge

Pascal

The SI unit of pressure

Definition of one pascal

One newton per square meter

Archimedes’ Principle

States that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

Compressibility

The ability of a substance to decrease in volume under pressure, more significant in gases

Saturation

A state in which a solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure

Specific Gravity

The ratio of density of a substance to the density of a reference substance

Use of specific gravity

Compare densities

Hydraulic

Relating to the use of liquids in motion to transmit force

Use of hydraulics

Machinery and engineering

Thermodynamics

Branch of physics dealing with the relationships between heat, work, and energy.