blood fucntion

blood main fucntions

blance ph and ion concentration-diffusion

balance body temp

trasnport blood gasses, and nutrients

restrict fluid loss- clotting

defend against pathogens

blood temp

38 c 100 f

blood ph

7.35-7.45 (not acidic)

blood viscocity slows down

diffusion allowing for nutrient exchange

sodium

helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function

potasium

regulating heart rhythm, muscle contractions, and blood pressure. K+ ions are also involved in maintaining the resting membrane potential of cells. after depolarizing

chloride

water pressure

acid-base balnce

magnesium

muscle/nerve

enzyme function

capillaries

permit exahcnge betwwen blood and intersitials fluids

fibronogen

blood clotting

albumins

bicarbonate

maintain ph(anion eat postive)

albumins

60 percent of plasma

osmotic pressure

globulins

transport globulins

bind ions homrones lipids

immunoglobins

attack forien proteins and pathogens

waste products

urea, uric acid, billirubin

hemocrit

percentage of blood formed from all elements

hemoglobin

quartnary structure

2 alpha 2 beta

heme molecule contains iron

oxyhemoblogin

Each heme contains an iron ion that interacts with oxygen molecule to form oxyhemoglobin​

hemolysis

plasma membrane ruptures

RBC englufed by

macrophages

deoxygenated(o2 bind reverse)

hemoglobin not bound to oxygen; blood is dark red​

bright cell

o2

dark red

no oxygen

erythropoiesis

process of making new rbc

macrophage

in liver, spleen, and bone marrow

white blood cell

circulate in blood

mainly through tissues

us blood stream to travel and treat infection

how to wbc travel

attracted to posiitive chem stimuli to guide wbc to invaders

wbc

Have nuclei and other organelles, unlike R B Cs, but no hemoglobin

positive chemotaxis

become activated by postive chemo stimuli they contact and adhere to the vessel walls and squeeze between adjacent endothelial cells to enter the surrounding tissue. ​

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes are capable of phagocytosis (engulf pathogens, cell debris, or other materials).

Macrophages are monocytes that move from the bloodstream into peripheral tissues

nuetrophil

release chemicals that recruit more leukocytes and they destroy bacteria by phagocytosis

esinophil

release chemicals to fight parasites like worms and fungi

nuetrophils and esinophils

Move into tissues after several hours; may survive for minutes to days, depending on activity in tissues; produced in red bone marrow

Granules

small particles found in granulocytes, a type of white blood cell. Granules contain enzymes that help fight infections and allergic reaction

monocyte

turns into macrophage or dendrite to kill pathogens

lymphocyte

Cells of lymphatic system; provide defense against specific pathogens or toxins

t-cells and b-cells

hemostasis

Process responsible for stopping blood loss through walls of damaged blood vessels​

Establishes framework for tissue repairs​

Three Phases

t-cells

lymphocyte

directly kill infected cells

basophil

release histamine to improve blood flow and heparin to prevent blood clots and protect against allergies

eosinophil

release chemicals to fight parasitic worms

b-cells

lymphocyte

make antiboides for long term immunity