Morphopathology

when is TSH high

Hyperthyroidism from hyperpituitarism

Increased FSH/LH in hyperpituitarism effect

Hypogonadism

Character of pituitary pathologies

In ant of pituitary, benign, can be secretory or non secretory

Pathology of posterior lobe of pituitary

Diabetes insipidus (ADH)

Hypopituitarism

Tumours or congenital (nanism), related to radiation

Main symptom of pituitary gland pathology

Vision loss

Most common pathology of pituitary

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Autoimmune thyroid disease

Autoimmune disorder stimulating gland fxn, cells destroy gland, hypothyroidism

Subacute thyroiditis (de quervain, giant cell) happens after

Viruses and autoantibodies

Chronic thyroiditis

Hashimoto or Riedel’s fibrous

Goitre

Hyperplasia of thyroid gland, increased v

Most common tumour of thyroid

Papillary carcinoma (multifocal, microcarcinomas)

Prognosis thyroid tumours

Good

Superior vena cava syndrome occurs in

Goitre

Basedow graves disease

Hyperthyroidism pathology

Benign tumour thyroid

Adenoma

Follicular and medullary carcinomas are malignant tumours of what

Thyroid gland

Adenoma and papillary carcinoma are tumours of

Thyroid

Addison disease

Hypofxn adrenal glands

Bilateral necrosis of thyroid in children

Waterhouse friderischsen syndrome

Hyperfxn adrenal glands

Primary by Cushing, secondary by tumours

Cushing and Conn syndrome are pathos of what

Adrenal

Primary tumours of adrenal glands

Cortex - adenoma, carcinoma (bad prognosis)

Medulla - pheochromocytoma (benign)

Sheehan’s syndrome

post-delivery necrosis of pituitary gland

adenomas of pituitary

chromophobe (prolactinoma), eosinophil (GH), basophil (ACTH, TSH)

clinical symptoms hyperpituitarism

GH - gigantism

ACTH - cushing

TSH - hyperthyroidism

FSH/LH - hypogonadism

Prolactin - infertility

what is an indicator of thyroid neoplasm

solitary nodules

malformations of thyroid

aplasia, hypoplasia, ectopic, cysts

endemic goitre

iodine deficiency (→ tsh hypersecretion)

clinical effects goitre

dysphonia, dysphagia, SVC syndrome

hypofunction adrenal glands

hemorrhage, tb, metastases, waterhouse-friderichsen, addison

morpho of multinodular goiter

dilated follicles of various sizes, w/ flat epithelium, filled with colloid, cut sxn is brown glassy and translucent → fibrotic, calcified

morpho of graves disease

diffuse hyperplasia and hypertrophy of follicular cells with normal lobular architecture and vasc congestion, follicles with irregular lumen, less colloid

hashimotos thyroiditis morpho

gradual atrophic thyroid follicles, lymphocytic infiltrate

papillary thyroid carcinoma morpho

tumour tissue with papillary structure, nuclei have pale ground-glass aspect, psammoma bodies (calcification)

_______ is a well-circumscribed soft lesion, either confined to sella turcica or compresses optic chiasm (→ infiltrating brain)

pituitary adenoma

what are common in larger pituitary adenomas

foci of hemorrhage/necrosis

cells of pituitary adenoma

cellular monomorphism and absence of ct network

atypical pituitary adenoma

TP53 mutation, mitotic activity and high proliferation rates (aggressive)

__________ is diffusely and symmetrically enlarged, with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, follicles have Hurthle/oxyphil cells or can be fibrosing

Hashimoto thyroiditis thyroid

morpho of subacute granulomatous de Quervain thyroiditis

firm gland, intact capsule, extravasated colloid and inflammatory infiltrate → fibrosis

In ________, thyroid is enlrged from diffuse hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelial cells

graves disease

morpho of thyroid adenoma

solitary spherical lesion, well defined capsule, cells have endocrine atypia

The diff bw ________ requires extensive histo sampling of the capsule-thyroid interface to exclude capsular or vasc invasion

follicular adenoma and carcinoma

morpho of cushing

* acth suppression → cortical atrophy
* syndrome → diffuse hyperplasia
* primary → macro/micronodular hyperplasia
* fxnal adenoma or carcinoma

adrenocortical adenoma vs carcinoma

carcinomas are larger and invasive

survival rate papillary carcinoma

10yr

head and neck radiation increases risk fo

thyroid neoplasm

which thyroid cancers have amyloid

medullar carcinomas