Urinary Disease Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

These flashcards cover key concepts related to urinary disease diagnostic tests and procedures based on lecture materials.

What is Urinalysis used for?

To study components and characteristics of urine, useful in monitoring treatment effects for urinary or renal conditions.

What is the preferred method for obtaining urine specimens for analysis?

A clean-catch midstream specimen from the first morning void.

What is a Urine Culture and Sensitivity test?

A test performed when a urinary infection is suspected, requiring a clean-catch midstream or urinary catheterization sample.

What steps are involved in 24-Hour Urine Collection?

Void and discard the first urine, mark collection time, save all urine after for 24 hours, refrigerate the container.

Define specific gravity in urine testing.

Measurement of the kidney's ability to concentrate and excrete urine, with normal values ranging from 1.003 to 1.029.

What does a urine osmolality test measure?

The concentration of urine, with normal values between 50-1200 mOsm/kg.

What does the presence of protein in urine indicate?

Potential renal disease or conditions like strenuous exercise, fever, or dehydration.

What is Radiography: KUB used for?

To determine the size and position of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, and to visualize urinary calculi.

What is Renal Biopsy performed for?

To diagnose cancer, assess prostatic enlargement, monitor renal disease progression, and evaluate renal transplant rejection.

What are the signs of hydronephrosis?

May be asymptomatic, or present with lower back pain, dysuria, hematuria, nausea, and fever.

What is involved in the preparation for Renal Angiography?

Pre-procedure assessment including vital signs, lab work, and possibly administering a laxative.

What is Cystoscopy used for?

To visually examine the urethra, bladder, and possibly the ureters for conditions like hematuria or urinary retention.

What is the purpose of Urodynamic Studies?

To evaluate bladder and urethra function and assess urinary flow, retention, and incontinence.

What does a Postvoid Residual test measure?

The amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding, with a normal value between 0 to 30 mL.

What symptoms may indicate a kidney transplant rejection?

Hypertension, edema, oliguria, fever, abdominal pain, and increased serum creatinine levels.

What is the procedure for Intravenous Pyelography (IVP)?

Involves injecting a radiopaque dye to outline renal structures, followed by multiple X-rays over 20-30 minutes.