✅️✅9 - Pelvic Limb Muscles & Joints II

extensors; flexors

The following muscles are [flexors/extensors] of the hip joint and [flexors/extensors] of the stifle joint:

-Biceps femoris m.

-Semitendinosus m.

-Semimembranosus m.

reviewed

Review

hamstring muscles

What muscle is shown?

biceps femoris

What muscle is shown?

ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

Origin of biceps femoris:

-lateral aspect of genual region (viafascia lata)

-tuber calcanei (via crural fascia)

Insertion of biceps femoris:

-extend the coxal joint

-variable action on the genual joint

-extend the tarsocrural joint

Action of biceps femoris:

semitendinosis

What muscle is shown?

ischiatic tuberosity

Origin of semitendinosus:

-medial aspect of tibia

-tuber calcanei (via crural fascia)

Insertion of semitendinosus:

-extend the coxal joint

-variable action on the genual joint

-extend the tarsocrural joint

Action of semitendinosus:

semimembranosus

What muscle is shown?

ischiatic tuberosity

Origin of semimembranosus:

medial aspect of distal femur andproximal tibia

Insertion of semimembranosus:

-extend coxal joint

-variable action on the genual joint

Action of semimembranosus:

adductors

The following muscles are [abductors/adductors] of the hip joint:

-Gracilis m.

-Pectineus m.

-Adductor m.

-External obturator m.

-Sartorius m.

gracilis

What muscle is shown?

pelvic symphysis

Origin of gracilis:

-medial aspect of the genual region

-tuber calcanei (via crural fascia)

Insertion of gracilis:

-adduct the pelvic limb

-extend the tarsocrural joint

Action of gracilis:

pectineus

What muscle is shown?

iliopubic eminence

Origin of pectineus:

distal body of femur

Insertion of pectineus:

adduct the pelvic limb

Action of pectineus:

adductor

What muscle is shown?

ventral surface of os coxae

Origin of adductor:

most of the caudal surface of femur

Insertion of adductor:

-adduct the pelvic limb

-extend the coxal joint

Action of adductor:

sartorius

What muscle is shown?

iliac crest

Origin of sartorius:

-Cr: vastus medialis & rectus femoralis

-Cd: medial aspect of the genual region

Insertion of sartorius:

-Cr: extend the genual joint

-Cd: flex the genual joint

Action of sartorius:

quadriceps femoris

What muscle is shown?

-rectus femoris: body of ilium

-vastus: proximal femur

Origin of quadriceps femoris

patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Insertion of quadriceps femoris

-flex the coxal joint (rectus femoris only)

-extend the genual joint (all 4 heads)

Action of quadriceps femoris

tarsocrural joint

1

intertarsal joints

2

tarsometatarsal joints

3

metatarsophalangeal joints

4

proximal interphalangeal joint

5

distal interphalangeal joint

6

medial collateral ligament

What is shown?

lateral collateral ligament

What is shown?

craniolateral group

Muscles acting primarily on the tarsal and digital joints:

Flexor of tarsal joint & extensors of the digits

caudal group

Muscles acting primarily on the tarsal and digital joints:

Extensors of tarsal joint & flexor of the digits

tarsal joint; digits

The craniolateral muscles serve as the flexors of the _____ joint and extensors of the _____

cranial tibial

What muscle is shown?

lateral aspect of proximal tibia

Origin of cranial tibial

plantar base of 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones

Insertion of cranial tibial

-flex the tarsocrural joint

-rotate pes laterally

Action of cranial tibial

lateral digital extensor

What muscle is shown?

fibula

Origin of lateral digital extensor

extensor process of the distal phalange of fifth digit

Insertion of lateral digital extensor

extend the digital joints of fifth digit

Action of lateral digital extensor

long digital extensor

What muscle is shown?

extensor fossa of femur

Origin of long digital extensor

extensor processes of the distal phalanges

Insertion of long digital extensor

-flex the tarsocrural joint

-extend the digital joints

Action of long digital extensor

extensor fossa

1

extensor groove

2

long digital extensor tendon

What is shown?

fibularis longus

What muscle is shown?

on or near lateral collateral ligament of the genual joint

Origin of fibularis longus

4th tarsal bone and plantar base of metatarsal bones

Insertion of fibularis longus

-flex the tarsocrural joint

-rotate the pes medially

Action of fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

What muscle is shown?

distal and lateral surfaces of tibialand fibula

Origin of fibularis brevis

base of metatarsal bone V

Insertion of fibularis brevis

flex the tarsocrural joint

Action of fibularis brevis

extensor tendon sheath

1

extensor retinacula

2

gastrocnemius

What muscle is shown?

medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of femur

Origin of gastrocnemius

tuber calcanei

Insertion of gastrocnemius

-flex the genual joint

-extend the tarsocrural joint

Action of gastrocnemius

sesamoid bones (fabellae)

What are the arrows pointing to?

popliteus

What muscle is shown?

lateral condyle of the femur

Origin of popliteus

proximocaudal surface of the tibia

Insertion of popliteus

medial rotation of the genual joint.

Action of popliteus

sesamoid bone

What is the arrow pointing to?

superficial digital flexor

What muscle is shown?

lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur

Origin of superficial digital flexor

-tuber calcanei

-plantar bases of middle phalanges

Insertion of superficial digital flexor

-flex the genual joint

-extend the tarsocrural joint

-flex the metatarsophalangeal joints

-flex the proximal interphalangeal joints

Action of superficial digital flexor

deep digital flexor

What muscle is shown?

proximal caudal aspect of the tibia and fibula

Origin of deep digital flexor

lexor process of distal phalanges

Insertion of deep digital flexor

-extend the tarsocrural joint

-flex the metatarsophalangeal joints

-flex the proximal interphalangeal joints

-flex the distal interphalangeal joints

Action of deep digital flexor

interossei

What muscle is shown?

proximal metatarsophalanx sesamoid bones

What is shown?

calcanean bursa

1

flexor tendon sheath

2

1. biceps femoris

2. semitendinosus

3. semimembranosus

What are the 3 "hamstring" muscles?

extend; flex

The "hamstring" muscles [flex/extend] the hip joint and [flex/extend] the stifle joint

biceps femoris

What muscle of the hamstrings is the most lateral?

semimembranosus

What hamstring muscle is most medial?

ischiatic tuberosity

The biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus all originate where?

semimembranosus

The [semimembranosus/semitendinosus] has 2 heads