Absolutism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe

Flashcards covering key concepts of absolutism and constitutionalism in early modern Europe, including political ideologies, key figures, and significant historical developments.

Absolutism

A political system where a single ruler holds complete authority over the state and its governance.

Constitutionalism

A government framework that limits the powers of the monarch and ensures rules are subject to the law, typically shared with a representative body.

Fronde

A series of civil wars in France (1648-1653) during Louis XIV's childhood that resulted in his eventual absolute rule.

Louis XIV's Quote

"L'état, c'est moi" means "I am the state," signifying his belief in absolute monarchy.

Intendant System

A system where royal officials (intendants) were sent to provinces to enforce the king’s laws, undermining local governors.

Edict of Nantes

A law that granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France, revoked by Louis XIV to consolidate power.

Mercantilism

An economic doctrine aimed at increasing state power by reducing imports and maximizing exports.

Oliver Cromwell

A leader of the Parliament during the English Civil War who established a military dictatorship after executing King Charles I.

The Glorious Revolution

The 1688 transfer of power in England from James II to William and Mary, resulting in a constitutional monarchy.

Bill of Rights (1689)

An act that limited the powers of the British monarchy and laid out the rights of Parliament.

Dutch Republic

A government established after gaining independence from Spain, ruled by an oligarchy rather than a monarchy.

Balance of Power

A political situation where no one nation is powerful enough to dominate others, maintaining stability in international relations.

The Partition of Poland

The division of Poland among Russia, Prussia, and Austria, which led to its disappearance from the map for 150 years.

Agricultural Revolution

A period of significant agricultural development marked by innovations that increased food production in Europe.

Columbian Exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Triangular Trade

A historical term indicating trade routes that connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas, notably involving the slave trade.