Fundamentals of Voltage, Current, and Torque

Voltage

The electric potential difference; it pushes electric charges through a circuit.

Current

The flow of electric charge through a conductor.

SI Unit of Current

Amperes (A).

Resistance

It opposes the flow of current in a circuit.

SI Unit of Resistance

Ohms (Ω).

What does battery provide in a circuit

Voltage (electric potential energy source).

What happens to current in Series Circuit

It is the same throughout all components.

What happens to current in Parallel Circuit

It splits among the branches.

Ohm's Law

V=IR — Voltage = Current × Resistance.

Torque

A measure of the force that causes rotation.

Torque Formula

τ=r×F×sin(θ).

What is R in troque formular

Lever arm or Distance from the axis of rotation.

SI Units of Torque

Newton-meters (N·m).

Rotational Inertia or moment of inertia

Resistance to changes in rotational motion.

What Increases rotational inertia

More mass and mass farther from the axis.

Angular Velocity

The rate of rotation, measured in radians per second.

Rotational Equivalent of Newton's 2nd Law

τ=Iα — Torque = Moment of Inertia × Angular Acceleration.

Direction of Torque

In the direction of the rotational axis (clockwise or counterclockwise).