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Name the states of matter
Solid
Gas
Liquid
What is the arrangement of solids?
Regularly arranged
What is the movement of particles in solids?
Vibrate in a fixed position
Name 3 properties of solids
Rigid
Fixed Shape
Fixed Volume
What is the arrangement of Liquids?
randomly arranged
What are the movements of Liquids?
moving aorund each other
What are properties of liquids?
not rigid
fixed volume
no fixed shape
what is the arrangement of gas?
randomly arranged
wha is the movement of gas?
moving rapidly and randomly
what are properties of gas?
not rigid
no fixed shape
no fixed position
Define physical change. Reversible or irreversible?
Physical change is a change in state, shape or broken into pieces. reversible
Define Chemical Change. Reversible or irreversible.
A change that produces a new substance. Irreversible
Changes of state
Changes of state
gas to liquid
condensation
gas to solid
deposition
liquid to gas
evaporation
liquid to solid
freezing
solid to liquid
melting
solid to gas
sublimation
"When metal is heated the particles get bigger" -Ann
Explain why Ann is wrong
Example:
Ann is wrong because when metal is heated the particles don't get bigger, instead they move more rapidly causing the metal to expand. Additionally, the high temperature causes the particles to gain kinetic energy.
What did John Dalton discover?
That atoms are indivisible
What did Thomson discover?
The electron using his plum pudding model
What did Ernest Rutherford discover?
That an atom is mostly empty space with a small, very dense, and positively charged center (that we now know is the nucleus)
What did Niels Bohr discover?
Electrons travel around the nucleus in orbits
What is an isotope?
An isotope is different types of the same element with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons causing the mass of an element to change E.g. Carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons & Carbon- 13 has 6 protons, 7 neutrons and 6 Electrons.
What is the relative mass of Protons?
1
What is the relative mass of Neutrons
1
What is the relative mass of electrons
0/Very small/ 0.000545/5.45×10‐⁴m
What is the relative charge of a proton?
1 ( Positive)
what is the relative charge of a neutron
0 ( Neutral)
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1 (negative)
What is the overall charge of an atom?
0 (Neutral)
What is an atom?
Smallest particle of an element
What is a molecule?
2 or more atoms bonded together
What is an ion?
an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons
How does a atom become a negative ion?
If an atom gains one or more electron
How does an atom become a positive ion
If an atom loses one or more electron
True or False
When metals become ions the change names
False
When a non metal becomes an ion its name changes
E.g chlorine-> chloride
sulfur-> sulfide
Extra Information
An ion will change to the suffix of "...ate-" if it has been oxygenated.
E.g Sulphur-> Sulphate (SO4 ²‐)
What is typically the radius of an atom?
0.1nm (nanometer) /1×10‐⁹m
What does the group number in the periodic table tell us?
The number of electrons in the outer shell
What does the period number in the periodic table tell us?
number of electron shells
What is the atomic mass made up of?
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
Wha is the atomic number made up of?
the number of protons
Well Done!
Well Done!
