C1 Particles

Name the states of matter

Solid

Gas

Liquid

What is the arrangement of solids?

Regularly arranged

What is the movement of particles in solids?

Vibrate in a fixed position

Name 3 properties of solids

Rigid

Fixed Shape

Fixed Volume

What is the arrangement of Liquids?

randomly arranged

What are the movements of Liquids?

moving aorund each other

What are properties of liquids?

not rigid

fixed volume

no fixed shape

what is the arrangement of gas?

randomly arranged

wha is the movement of gas?

moving rapidly and randomly

what are properties of gas?

not rigid

no fixed shape

no fixed position

Define physical change. Reversible or irreversible?

Physical change is a change in state, shape or broken into pieces. reversible

Define Chemical Change. Reversible or irreversible.

A change that produces a new substance. Irreversible

Changes of state

Changes of state

gas to liquid

condensation

gas to solid

deposition

liquid to gas

evaporation

liquid to solid

freezing

solid to liquid

melting

solid to gas

sublimation

"When metal is heated the particles get bigger" -Ann

Explain why Ann is wrong

Example:

Ann is wrong because when metal is heated the particles don't get bigger, instead they move more rapidly causing the metal to expand. Additionally, the high temperature causes the particles to gain kinetic energy.

What did John Dalton discover?

That atoms are indivisible

What did Thomson discover?

The electron using his plum pudding model

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

That an atom is mostly empty space with a small, very dense, and positively charged center (that we now know is the nucleus)

What did Niels Bohr discover?

Electrons travel around the nucleus in orbits

What is an isotope?

An isotope is different types of the same element with the same amount of protons but a different amount of neutrons causing the mass of an element to change E.g. Carbon-12 has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons & Carbon- 13 has 6 protons, 7 neutrons and 6 Electrons.

What is the relative mass of Protons?

1

What is the relative mass of Neutrons

1

What is the relative mass of electrons

0/Very small/ 0.000545/5.45×10‐⁴m

What is the relative charge of a proton?

1 ( Positive)

what is the relative charge of a neutron

0 ( Neutral)

What is the relative charge of an electron?

-1 (negative)

What is the overall charge of an atom?

0 (Neutral)

What is an atom?

Smallest particle of an element

What is a molecule?

2 or more atoms bonded together

What is an ion?

an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

How does a atom become a negative ion?

If an atom gains one or more electron

How does an atom become a positive ion

If an atom loses one or more electron

True or False

When metals become ions the change names

False

When a non metal becomes an ion its name changes

E.g chlorine-> chloride

sulfur-> sulfide

Extra Information

An ion will change to the suffix of "...ate-" if it has been oxygenated.

E.g Sulphur-> Sulphate (SO4 ²‐)

What is typically the radius of an atom?

0.1nm (nanometer) /1×10‐⁹m

What does the group number in the periodic table tell us?

The number of electrons in the outer shell

What does the period number in the periodic table tell us?

number of electron shells

What is the atomic mass made up of?

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Wha is the atomic number made up of?

the number of protons

Well Done!

Well Done!