CH 24: The Immune System

Which disease is fought by the immune system as part of its function to recognize and remove abnormal "self" cells?

Influenza

Rheumatoid arthritis

Type 1 diabetes

Cancer

Cancer

The majority of leukocytes in the blood are __________.

neutrophils

basophils

lymphocytes

eosinophils

neutrophils

Which cells are both granulocytes and phagocytes?

Monocytes

Basophils

Dendritic cells

Neutrophils

neutrophils

Which cells function to both ingest invaders and present antigens?

Plasma cells

Neutrophils

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

macrophages

A genetic defect causes a fetus to not develop a thymus. Which mature cells would you predict to be low?

B lymphocytes

Natural killer cells

T lymphocytes

Immunoglobulins

T lymphocytes

Which molecules attract phagocytes to the site of an infection?

Opsonins

Granzymes

Pyrogens

Chemotaxins

chemotaxins

What is the outcome when the complement cascade is activated?

Antibodies are produced, causing activation of B cells.

Apoptosis is initiated in a virally infected cell, resulting in the destruction of the virus.

Pores are formed in a pathogen membrane, causing it to lyse.

Pain receptors are activated, and pyrogens are released.

pores are formed in a pathogen membrane, causing it to lyse

Which immune-system molecule is involved in cell recognition?

Bradykinin

C-reactive protein

MHC

Histamine

MHC

Which molecules are secreted by certain immune cells, and bind to antigens?

Antibodies

Cytokines

Interferons

Interleukins

antibodies

Which pathogen is accurately paired with a key characteristic?

Virus: treated with antibiotics

Virus: not able to replicate outside a host cell

Bacterium: Can have a cell wall but does not have a cell membrane.

Bacterium: Cannot survive outside a host.

virus: not able to replicate outside a host cell

How do goblet cells in the airway contribute to the defense of the body?

They secrete mucus to trap pathogens.

They secrete antibodies to bind to antigens.

They secrete antibiotics to inhibit bacteria.

They secrete acids that make it difficult for pathogens to survive.

Submit

they secrete mucus to trap pathogens

Which is NOT a direct function of antibodies?

Activating the complement cascade

Forming a membrane attack complex

Activating mast cells

Inactivating bacterial toxins

forming a membrane attack complex

A patient is born without cytotoxic T cells. Which of the following would you predict to be decreased?

Destruction of virally infected cells

Recognition of incompatible blood

Extracellular phase of the immune response

Allergy

Destruction of Virally Infected Cells

How do some people develop an autoimmune disease?

T helper cells become overactive, causing a massive, nonspecific immune attack.

The complement cascade becomes activated by abnormal triggers.

Their immune cells fail to distinguish between self and non-self.

Immune cells lose their specificity for particular antigens.

their immune cells fail to distinguish between self and non-self

Which is a similarity between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?

Leukocytes and cytokines are active in both.

Memory cells are involved in both.

Antibodies are involved in both.

Foreign invaders are specifically recognized in both.

leukocytes and cytokines are active in both

Match the type of immunity to its description.

A. specific
B. nonspecific


present at birth

nonspecific

Swelling and soreness of the lymph nodes indicate that

dangerous cancerous changes are occurring in the immune system.

the immune system is incapable of working.

too much or improper exercise has been undertaken.

immune cells are fighting infection.

None of the answers are correct.

immune cells are fighting infection

Match the cell type with its description.

A. lymphocytes
B. neutrophils
C. monocytes
D. eosinophils
E. basophils


These cells are related to mast cells, and both release chemical mediators such as histamine and heparin, which aid in the immune response.

basophils

These cells are related to mast cells, and both release chemical mediators such as histamine and heparin, which aid in the immune response.

lymphocytes

neutrophils

monocytes

eosinophils

basophils

basophils

A patient has increased eosinophils and monocytes but normal levels of neutrophils, basophils, and lymphocytes. Which is the most likely cause of these test results?

a chronic bacterial infection

a severe allergic reaction

an acute bacterial infection

a chronic parasitic infection

a viral infection

a chronic parasitic infection

Opsonins function by

digesting invading cells directly.

poisoning and killing invading cells.

poisoning and killing invading cells and marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them.

poisoning and killing invading cells, marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them, and digesting invading cells directly.

marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them.

marking or tagging pathogens so phagocytes can find and ingest them

For a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

depolarize the lymphocyte.

be phagocytized by the lymphocyte.

enter the cytoplasm of the lymphocyte.

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane.

bind to the DNA of the lymphocyte.

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte membrane.

Match the type of immunity to its description.

A. specific
B. nonspecific


Antibodies in breast milk protect a newborn baby from pathogens.

specific

Antibiotics are drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of

viruses, bacteria, and multicellular pathogens such as hookworms.

viruses and bacteria.

viruses.

bacteria.

multicellular pathogens such as hookworms.

bacteria

Viruses

must reproduce inside host cells, are parasitic, and easily survive in the environment outside the body.

must reproduce inside host cells and are parasitic.

are parasitic.

easily survive in the environment outside the body.

must reproduce inside host cells.

must reproduce inside host cells and are parasitic

Chemical signals that attract immune cells are known as

chemotaxins.

lysozymes.

opsonins.

antigens.

interferons.

Submit

chemotaxins

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are

NK cells.

cytotoxic T cells.

suppressor T cells.

helper T cells.

plasma cells.

plasma cells

Match the type of immunity to its description.

A. specific
B. nonspecific


Secreted lysozyme kills bacteria.

nonspecific

Match the type of immunity to its description.

A. specific
B. nonspecific


Infected cells are killed by perforin and granzymes.

nonspecific and specific

When the immune system creates a response that is out of proportion to the threat it has been exposed to, the response is called an

immunodeficiency.

autoimmune response.

allergy or hypersensitivity reaction.

allergy or hypersensitivity reaction