McLean Hypothalamus

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30 Terms

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hypothalamus role
homeostasis
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what does the hypothalamus control?
ANS

endocrine system

motivated homeostatic behaviors
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hypothalamic nuclei


Periventricular area

Medial Hypothalamic area

Lateral Hypothalamic area: 
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what is divided into 4 regions?
medial hypothalamic area
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4 regions of medial hypothalamic area
preoptic area

anterior region

middle region

posterior region
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hypothalamus controls what organ
posterior pituitary
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what cells cause the secretion of two hormones from the posterior pituitary?


Magnocellular neurosecretory cells

vasopressin and oxytocin
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function of parvocellular neurosecretory cells


Secrete releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones into the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation
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anterior pituitary function
stress
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anterior pituitary function - cortisol
released in response to stress

immune system activity is reduced
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HPA Axis
stress

Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons release CRH

anterior pituitary release ACTH

ACTH acts on adrenal cortex

cortisol inhibits CRH release
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anabolism
blood filled with nutrients - storage
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catabolism
fasting - breakdown glycogen and triglycerides
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energy balance - normal
reserves replenished at the same time expended
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energy balance - obesity
intake greater than expenditure
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energy balance -starvation
expenditure greater than intake
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animal with restricted diet
will lose body fat but once allowed access to food will overeat
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animals forced fed
gain mass but once regulated will return to normal
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what is released by the fat cells?
leptin
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function of leptin
hormone that communicates with the brain about fat reserves
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low leptin
increase feeding
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what nucleus senses leptin levels?
arcuate nucleus
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paraventricular nucleus
ANS and endocrine ACTH and TSH
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elevated leptin
decrease feeding
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lat hypothalamic area
homeostatic motivated behavior
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CVOs
highly vascularized structures located around the third and fourth ventricles lack of a blood–brain barrier
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how does arcuate nucleus respond to leptin?
elevated - MSH and CART

decreased - NPY and AgRP
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anorectic
increase metabolism and energy
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orexigenic
low metabolism and energy
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thyroxin
increase metabolism