Pelvis Hip Projections

This set of flashcards covers key terminology, definitions, and concepts related to essential projections of pelvis and hip anatomy for radiographic imaging.

AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora: Positioning the Patient

The patient lies flat on their back.

AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora: Positioning the Part

The lower limbs are slightly turned inward.

AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora: Evaluation Criteria

The lower torso bone framework should be centered and appear even. The lower limbs should be equally turned inward. There should be no twisting of the body structure. Differences in tissue density should be clear, and the X-ray beam should be restricted to the area of concern.

AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora: Structures Shown

The entire lower torso bone framework, the upper ends of both thigh bones, and the hip joints.

AP Pelvis and Proximal Femora: CR Angulation

The X-ray beam is directed straight down towards the middle of the imaging area.

AP Oblique Femoral Necks (Modified Cleaves): Positioning the Patient

The patient lies flat on their back.

AP Oblique Femoral Necks (Modified Cleaves): Positioning the Part

Both hips and knees are bent, the soles of the feet are together, and the knees are gently dropped outward.

AP Oblique Femoral Necks (Modified Cleaves): Evaluation Criteria

The neck portions of the upper thigh bones should be shown clearly, without other structures obscuring them. Both bent limbs should appear equally bent. The image should show a symmetrical appearance.

AP Oblique Femoral Necks (Modified Cleaves): Structures Shown

The neck portions of the upper thigh bones, the hip joints, and the upper part of the thigh bones.

AP Oblique Femoral Necks (Modified Cleaves): CR Angulation

The X-ray beam is directed straight down towards the midpoint between the bent knees.

AP Hip: Positioning the Patient

The patient lies flat on their back.

AP Hip: Positioning the Part

The affected limb is straightened, and the foot is rotated 15-20 degrees inward.

AP Hip: Evaluation Criteria

The hip joint should be centered. The neck and upper shaft of the upper thigh bone should be clearly visible. There should be minimal unwanted overlapping of other structures. Optimal differences in tissue density should be present, and the X-ray beam should be well-restricted.

AP Hip: Structures Shown

The hip joint, the upper thigh bone (its upper end), and the hip socket.

AP Hip: CR Angulation

The X-ray beam is directed straight down towards the middle of the imaging area.

Danelius-Miller Method: Positioning the Patient

Patient is positioned lying on their back, for a sideways view of the hip area.

Danelius-Miller Method: Positioning the Part

The affected leg is moved away from the body's midline and bent to properly align the specific joint parts.

Danelius-Miller Method: Evaluation Criteria

The image should show proper alignment of joint components. Look for clear internal bone patterns within the upper thigh bone's neck and hip socket. Avoid the appearance of structures being shorter than their actual length in the upper thigh bone's neck. Ensure optimal differences in tissue density and that the X-ray beam is restricted to the correct area. Overall image quality assessment.

Danelius-Miller Method: Structures Shown

Shows the side view of the neck portion of the upper thigh bone, the hip socket, and surrounding structures of the lower torso bone framework, including parts of the lower pelvic bone prominence and large openings in the hip bones.

Danelius-Miller Method: CR Angulation

The X-ray beam is angled specifically to get a sideways view of the hip. The exact angle is not detailed here.

Hickey Method: Positioning the Patient

Patient is positioned lying on their back for a side view of the hip.

Hickey Method: Positioning the Part

The affected leg is placed in a specific position to allow for the X-ray beam to be angled upwards.

Hickey Method: Evaluation Criteria

Assessment focuses on the symmetrical appearance and proper alignment of the hip joint. Important for clear internal bone patterns of the upper thigh bone's neck. Checks for optimal differences in tissue density and a well-defined X-ray beam area. Avoids projection of irrelevant structures onto the area of interest.

Hickey Method: Structures Shown

Primarily visualizes the hip joint, including the neck portion of the upper thigh bone and the hip socket. Good for showing specific side view conditions of these areas.

Hickey Method: CR Angulation

Uses an upward angle of the X-ray beam for side imaging of the hip.

Lauenstein Method: Positioning the Patient

Patient is positioned for side views of the hip. This may involve lying on their back or other positions.

Lauenstein Method: Positioning the Part

The affected limb may be bent and moved away from the body's midline to get the desired side view.

Lauenstein Method: Evaluation Criteria

Radiograph evaluated for correct alignment and symmetrical appearance of the hip. Expected to show clear internal bone patterns and appropriate differences in tissue density of the upper thigh bone's neck and hip socket. Proper X-ray beam restriction is crucial.

Lauenstein Method: Structures Shown

Primarily visualizes the side aspect of the hip joint, including the neck portion of the upper thigh bone, the hip socket, and other parts of the lower torso bone framework.

Lauenstein Method: CR Angulation

Uses a specific angle for the X-ray beam for side hip views. The exact angle is not unique to this method, suggesting it might be straight or with minor adjustment.

Judet Method: Positioning the Patient

Patient is positioned for imaging the hip socket, often involving rotating the body from the standard anatomical position to see specific parts clearly.

Judet Method: Positioning the Part

The hip socket is positioned to visualize specific aspects without unwanted overlapping structures. Specific points of reference on the body are crucial for accurate placement.

Judet Method: Evaluation Criteria

Crucial for assessing proper alignment and precise placement of the hip socket. Evaluate for internal bone patterns within its structures and optimal differences in tissue density to differentiate bony margins. Minimize structures appearing shorter than actual length and ensure clear X-ray beam restriction.

Judet Method: Structures Shown

Specifically designed to show the hip socket and associated parts of the lower torso bone framework, including the lower pelvic bone prominence and large openings in the hip bones, in different views.

Judet Method: CR Angulation

Involves specific X-ray beam angling and often multiple views to optimally visualize the hip socket. Specific angle details are not given beyond 'imaging technique for hip socket'.

Taylor Method: Positioning the Patient

Patient is positioned for an X-ray view of the lower pelvic opening, often lying on their back.

Taylor Method: Positioning the Part

The patient's leg positioning is specific, using identifiable points on the body for centering to visualize the lower pelvic opening.

Taylor Method: Evaluation Criteria

Evaluated for the evenness of the lower pelvic opening and proper visualization of relevant bony landmarks such as the lower pelvic prominence and large openings in the hip bones. Avoid excessive appearance of structures being shorter than actual length and ensure optimal differences in tissue density. The X-ray beam should be appropriately restricted to cover the entire lower pelvic structure.

Taylor Method: Structures Shown

Shows the lower torso bone framework, particularly the lower parts of the front and back hip bones, and the lower pelvic prominence in a specific X-ray view. The tailbone might also be seen clearly.

Taylor Method: CR Angulation

Uses an X-ray beam angled along the body's long axis, directed from back to front and downwards, to clearly project the lower pelvic opening.

Bridgeman Method: Positioning the Patient

Patient is positioned for an X-ray view of the upper pelvic opening, typically lying on their back.

Bridgeman Method: Positioning the Part

Careful attention is given to identifiable points on the body for proper alignment of the upper pelvic structure.

Bridgeman Method: Evaluation Criteria

Key evaluation includes the evenness of the upper pelvic opening. Important to assess alignment and proper visualization of the upper pelvic structures without significant appearance of structures being shorter than actual length or unwanted overlapping structures. Maintain optimal differences in tissue density and define the X-ray beam area appropriately.

Bridgeman Method: Structures Shown

Visualizes the lower torso bone framework in an inlet view, primarily showing the upper aspect of the front, back, and upper hip bones forming the upper pelvic opening. Components like large openings in the hip bones and the front upper hip bone prominence may be seen.

Bridgeman Method: CR Angulation

Uses an X-ray beam angled from above to below, along the body's long axis, to visualize the upper pelvic opening.